1. Elements of Art

2. Taking something ordinary

3. And breaking it down into its parts: This is the work of artist and photographer Ursus Wehrli

4. That’s what we do with art too The elements of art are very much the same as the ingredients when you bake. They are the building blocks of almost every single art work. They are the parts that add up to the whole.

5. The elements of art are the ingredients to make art In the same way a chef uses eggs and flour, the artist uses colour and line, shape and form, and value. The artist also uses space and texture. These are the ingredients to make artworks.

6. It’s all in how you use them The key thing to making art is the intent of the artist. Many artists use the elements such as colour or line or shape, but all make very different pieces of art with those same elements. Edvard Munch The Scream Vincent Van Gogh: Starry Night Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa Madame Matisse Henri Matisse

7. Ursus Wehrli This is an example of Ursus Wehrli’s work as he “tidies up” a painting done by Joan Miro on the right “Gold is Blue”. Below that you can see what he does with Picasso’s “The Red Armchair”. He breaks them down into colour, line and shape. Ursus Wehrli has really created an inventory of the objects in this painting. The main colour in Miro’s painting is yellow. There is a large blue oval shape with soft, fuzzy outlines. There are about twenty thin lines ranging in height from small to large, though none are as tall as the blue oval. There are ten round black objects and an uneven thick curved black line which is the thinnest at both ends. There is one rusty colored oval shape and two small bluish oval shapes. There are three short thick lines and a number of small circular lines.

8. 7 elements: There are 7 elements of art: Line Shape Form Value Space Texture Colour Andy Warhol, detail from “Campbell’s Soup Cans”, acrylic on canvas. At The Museum of Modern Art, NY

9. Tools Almost every piece of art uses one or more of these elements in the creation of that piece of art. The tools we use are not the elements. They are similar to when a chef uses a bowl and spatula to mix the ingredients. The chef uses tools to mix the ingredients and ovens to cook them in. The artist uses brushes, paints, pencils and paper.

10. Picasso’s work There are a few pieces where artist have created ephemeral pieces (ones that disappear or only exist for a moment of time where it is difficult to actually see these elements) Here we see a 1949 drawing taken by a Life Magazine photographer of Picasso’s drawing. This drawing uses line.

11. Picasso’s better known pieces Guernica Three musicians The Old Guitarist

12. Line Line is “a continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point” There are 3 basic types of line: Continuous lines Broken lines and Implied or imaginary lines

13. Line Line can be thick or thin, rough or smooth, jagged or curved or straight. It can be even or uneven. The different types of line add interest to your art.

14. MC Escher MC Escher was an artist in the early part of the 1900s who used line and value to create his art

15. Shape This is an element of art that “refers to an area clearly set off by one or more of the other visual elements such as colour, value, line, texture, and space. Shapes are flat. ” Shape has no depth.

16. Artists working with shape Joan Miro, 1940 “Nocturne” Jacob Lawrence “Tombstones” 1942 Henri Matisse “Fall of Icarus” Paper cut outs, 1943

17. Form Form is defined as “ an object with three dimensions” Many artists try to create an illusion of form on a flat surface, by the use of linear perspective, that is, line work that uses vanishing points, and by using shading and shadowing that helps to create a 3-D effect.

18. Form and Shape 2D Shape: circle Shape: square 3D Form: sphere Form: cube

19. Shapes and Forms Shape: Triangle, and circle Shape: Triangle and square Shape: Rectangle and Circle Form: Cone Pyramid Cylinder

20. Form in sculpture Form is most easily understood as actual 3-D work such as sculpture. Here is Henry Moore’s “Reclining Figure”

21. Form in painting and Drawing Artists need to create the illusion of 3-D: Julian Beever, a sidewalk chalk artist knows how to do this very effectively:

22. Texture: Texture is “ the element of art that refers to the way things feel or look like they might feel if touched”. These pine needles look prickly and a little sharp.

23. Using texture in art Artists need to use the elements of art to create the illusion of texture on a flat surface. Line, value and colour and space are used to simulate the actual textures. Artists use shading and shadows to make the objects appear “real”.

24. Albrecht Durer Albrecht Durer was a painter in the early 1500s who used dark and light values and line to create texture. This helped to make things look almost photographic. To draw texture you have to pay close attention to the dark and light areas of the texture. Shading in the space behind the object sometimes helps to create the texture.

25. Mary Pratt Mary Pratt is a Canadian artist who paints using a style called Photorealism. This is her painting called “Salmon on Saran” and her woodcut “Reflection of Oranges”

26. Space Space “can be thought of as the distance or area between, around, above, below or within things” It can be two-dimensional (the illusion of real space in art) or three-dimensional (actual space)

27. So how do we get it to look further away? We can use linear perspective which was highly developed during the Renaissance period. As things get farther back they get smaller. Artists use vanishing points to figure out how small they need to be.

28. Atmospheric or aerial perspective We can also use tools such as the following which we can remember by the mnemonic – “DOCCS”: D: detail O: Overlapping C: Colour C: Clarity S: Size

29. So how does this look in a piece of art? These tools can allow the artist to create the illusion of space. This painting is by Aldro Hibbard, an American painter(1886 – 1972)

30. Vermeer – The Astronomer 1688 The artist Vermeer used linear perspective in this painting to make the back of the room look further away than the things in the foreground. If you look at the window and at the chair, the lines of those are not parallel. They go back to a vanishing point just above the globe. The globe is lit and the perspective lines draw the viewer’s eye to the object where he wants the viewer to see.

31. Positive and negative space When we think of most art, the object that we draw is usually considered the positive space. The background is then, the negative space. But sometimes the background is what the artist focuses on. Sometimes it is difficult to tell which is the background and which is the foreground. What do you see first in this picture?

32. Value Value “describes the lightness or darkness of a colour. Often value is found to be an important element in works of art even though colour is absent:

33. Using Value: A famous artist Chuck Close was injured in an accident and has limited mobility. This was one of his portraits before his spinal injury in 1968. It shows strong contrasts in value.

34. Chuck Close After his spinal injury he changed his technique to making small squares of lights and darks to make his portraits.

35. More of Chuck Close’s work This shows Chuck Close working on his self portrait

36. Colour Colour is “an element of art that is made up of three distinct qualities: hue, intensity, and value”

37. Colour in art Some artists are known for their strong use of colour. Van Gogh’s sunflowers are one of the best known pieces of art that demonstrate the strong use of colour. Piet Mondrian is also an artist who uses both line and colour in his contemporary work.

38. Hue Hue is the name of the colour. So, “red” is the name of a colour, so is “blue”, or “purple”. It doesn’t tell us if the colour is light or dark, or if it is bright or dull. Big Boy, Painting of a Tuba by Jenny Armitage

39. Value Is the lightness or darkness of a colour. The contrast in values helps things stand out and look more interesting.

40. Value This shows object that are light in value and objects that are darker in value. They are all blue (hue).

41. Intensity (Saturation) is the brightness or greyness of a colour. The chair might be a very bright blue, and the house might be painted in a grey-blue. Both are “blue” but we have changed the intensity. One is bright, the other is dull.

42. Intensity in real life Here we see the difference in intensity (the brightness). It is different than comparing the lightness and darkness of colours. The fish are bright green but the green is light in value Light green that is dull The green of the snake is very grey The cuttle fish is green but it is a grey-green

43. Colour in real life The colour we choose for clothes for a child might be much darker than what we use for a new baby. We often use very light blues, and pinks and soft yellows for new-born babies. Things for young children often have colour that is much stronger. This might be different in value as well as intensity.

44. Seeing the colour in paintings This web site suggests choosing colour schemes by analyzing the colour pallet in famous paintings. The Mona Lisa is painted in a range of values from light to dark, but the colours are quite grey in intensity. The painting on the right shows an adaptation of the painting. Here the colours are brighter and purer. There is a wide range of value in this painting from light to dark, but the colours are lower intensity, they are greyer than the pure colour.

45. Breaking down the colour scheme: This is Persistence of Memory by Salavador Dali. The original has lower intensity colours than the parody (making comment and fun of something) with the Simpsons characters. Appropriation of art: parodies on Dali’s work

46. References Definitions of the elements are from the text book: Art in Focus, edited by Gene A. Mittler Art materials: http://futurecents.ca/new/?attachment_id=965http://futurecents.ca/new/?attachment_id=965 Elements poster: http://blog.jacksonsart.co.uk/2013/07/02/elements-of-art-exhibition-at-espacio- gallery/http://blog.jacksonsart.co.uk/2013/07/02/elements-of-art-exhibition-at-espacio- gallery/ Ingredients: http://eatlittlebird.com/2012/08/08/lemon-syrup-loaf-cake/http://eatlittlebird.com/2012/08/08/lemon-syrup-loaf-cake/ Picasso drawing: http://www.todayandtomorrow.net/2009/06/22/picasso-drawing-with-light/http://www.todayandtomorrow.net/2009/06/22/picasso-drawing-with-light/ Line drawing: http://arttimestudios.webs.com/curriculumevaluations.htmhttp://arttimestudios.webs.com/curriculumevaluations.htm Line examples: http://amandateachesart.wordpress.com/2012/07/16/elements-of-art-intro-lesson/http://amandateachesart.wordpress.com/2012/07/16/elements-of-art-intro-lesson/ Shape: http://www.artsconnected.org/toolkit/encyc_shapegeorganic.htmlhttp://www.artsconnected.org/toolkit/encyc_shapegeorganic.html Form: http://www.williamsclass.com/ElectiveClassArt/ArtElementNotes.htmhttp://www.williamsclass.com/ElectiveClassArt/ArtElementNotes.htm Sphere and Circle: http://www.idiotsguides.com/arts-and-entertainment/fine-art- techniques/drawing-101-seeing-light-and-shadows/http://www.idiotsguides.com/arts-and-entertainment/fine-art- techniques/drawing-101-seeing-light-and-shadows/ Cubes: http://www.drawinghowtodraw.com/drawing-lessons/things/articles/md-drawing- cubes.htmlhttp://www.drawinghowtodraw.com/drawing-lessons/things/articles/md-drawing- cubes.html Square: https://www.myteachingstation.com/learning-shapes-color-trace-connect-and-draw-a- squarehttps://www.myteachingstation.com/learning-shapes-color-trace-connect-and-draw-a- square Texture: http://wyattdemastersart.blogspot.ca/2013/03/project-elements-of-art.htmlhttp://wyattdemastersart.blogspot.ca/2013/03/project-elements-of-art.html Caterpillar: http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1261/1450496269_061f07a4dd_m.jpghttp://farm2.static.flickr.com/1261/1450496269_061f07a4dd_m.jpg Kitchen tools: http://www.whoknewtips.com/cooking/twenty-kitchen-items-you-should-never-pay- money-for.html

47. References (cont’d) Value: http://www.williamsclass.com/ElectiveClassArt/ArtElementNotes.htmhttp://www.williamsclass.com/ElectiveClassArt/ArtElementNotes.htm Colour: http://canielewicz.wordpress.com/elements-principles-of-art/elements-of-art/http://canielewicz.wordpress.com/elements-principles-of-art/elements-of-art/ Space: http://blogs.egusd.net/jharris/2013/01/10/elements-of-art/http://blogs.egusd.net/jharris/2013/01/10/elements-of-art/ The art of clean up: http://www.visualisingdata.com/index.php/2013/03/the-art-of-the-clean-up- creating-order-out-of-chaos/http://www.visualisingdata.com/index.php/2013/03/the-art-of-the-clean-up- creating-order-out-of-chaos/ Van Gogh – Starry Night http://www.vangoghgallery.com/painting/starry-night.htmlhttp://www.vangoghgallery.com/painting/starry-night.html Madame Matisse: http://www.wmofa.com/artists/Matisse,_Henri/image/Madame_Matisse,_The_Green_Line_(La_Ra ie_verte).jpg.html&img=48&tt= http://www.wmofa.com/artists/Matisse,_Henri/image/Madame_Matisse,_The_Green_Line_(La_Ra ie_verte).jpg.html&img=48&tt= Value of a colour: http://lurnq.com/lesson/The-Art-of-Interior-Designing/section/Interior-Design- and-Colour-Theory/http://lurnq.com/lesson/The-Art-of-Interior-Designing/section/Interior-Design- and-Colour-Theory/ Intensity of a colour: http://myworldofcolour.wordpress.com/tag/artist/http://myworldofcolour.wordpress.com/tag/artist/ Hue: http://webstyleguide.com/wsg3/11-graphics/9-color-terminology.htmlhttp://webstyleguide.com/wsg3/11-graphics/9-color-terminology.html Perspective: http://makingartfun.com/htm/f-maf-art-library/two-point-perspective.htmhttp://makingartfun.com/htm/f-maf-art-library/two-point-perspective.htm Tidying up art by Ursus Wehrli Picasso and Miro’s works: www.demilked.comwww.demilked.com

48. References (cont’d) Atmospheric or areial perspective: http://wodumedia.com/bbc-earthflight/tulip-fields-and-cranes- using-cutting-edge-new-filming-techniques-to-show-everything-in-exquisite-detail-viewers-have-a- uniquely-privileged-perspective-flying-9000-metres-high-over-the-sands-of-the/http://wodumedia.com/bbc-earthflight/tulip-fields-and-cranes- using-cutting-edge-new-filming-techniques-to-show-everything-in-exquisite-detail-viewers-have-a- uniquely-privileged-perspective-flying-9000-metres-high-over-the-sands-of-the/ Overlapping: http://stapletonkearns.blogspot.ca/2010/02/overlapping-diagonals-for-creating.htmlhttp://stapletonkearns.blogspot.ca/2010/02/overlapping-diagonals-for-creating.html Chuck Close: http://1103drawing.blogspot.ca/2012/01/artist-of-week-chuck-close.htmlhttp://1103drawing.blogspot.ca/2012/01/artist-of-week-chuck-close.html Albrecht Durer: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Durer_Young_Hare.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Durer_Young_Hare.jpg Mary Pratt, Salmon on Saran: http://www.therooms.ca/artgallery/http://www.therooms.ca/artgallery/ Mary Pratt Reflection of Oranges: http://www.trinitygalleries.ca/dynamic/artist.asp?ArtistID=15http://www.trinitygalleries.ca/dynamic/artist.asp?ArtistID=15 Jacob Lawrence, Tombstones, from the Whitney museum: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/m/miro/nocturne.jpg.html http://www.artchive.com/artchive/m/miro/nocturne.jpg.html Henry Moore Reclining Figure: http://neilsonartstudios.com/content/happy-birthday-henry-moorehttp://neilsonartstudios.com/content/happy-birthday-henry-moore Vemeer The Astronomer: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:J._VERMEER_- _El_astr%C3%B3nomo_(Museo_del_Louvre,_1688).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:J._VERMEER_- _El_astr%C3%B3nomo_(Museo_del_Louvre,_1688).jpg Veg, spices and pasta ingredients: www.thegirlcancookschool.comwww.thegirlcancookschool.com Implied line: quizlet.comquizlet.com

49. References (cont’d) Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa and Edvard Munch’s The Scream: http://www.biographyonline.net/artists/famous-paintings-top-10.html http://www.biographyonline.net/artists/famous-paintings-top-10.html The art of Clean up and photos of fries: http://design-milk.com/the-art-of-clean-up-book-ursus- wehrli/http://design-milk.com/the-art-of-clean-up-book-ursus- wehrli/ Ingredients: http://popsop.com/2010/09/ikea-art-za-baking-ingredients/http://popsop.com/2010/09/ikea-art-za-baking-ingredients/ MC Escher: http://basicdrawing2012.blogspot.ca/2012_10_01_archive.htmlhttp://basicdrawing2012.blogspot.ca/2012_10_01_archive.html Andy Warhol: http://painting.about.com/od/famouspainters/ig/famous-paintings/Warhol-Soup- Cans.htmhttp://painting.about.com/od/famouspainters/ig/famous-paintings/Warhol-Soup- Cans.htm Van Gogh’s sunflowers: http://www.biographyonline.net/artists/famous-paintings-top-10.htmlhttp://www.biographyonline.net/artists/famous-paintings-top-10.html Piet Mondrian: http://harrydiv4.weebly.com/piet-mondrian.htmlhttp://harrydiv4.weebly.com/piet-mondrian.html Picasso: Guernica, Three musicians, The Old Guitarist http://www.pablopicasso.org/guernica.jsphttp://www.pablopicasso.org/guernica.jsp Miro Nocturne: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/m/miro/nocturne.jpg.htmlhttp://www.artchive.com/artchive/m/miro/nocturne.jpg.html Matisse “Fall of Icarus”: http://www.henri-matisse.net/cut_outs.htmlhttp://www.henri-matisse.net/cut_outs.html Vase and profiles: veronicawintersart.blogspot.comveronicawintersart.blogspot.com Negative space tree by Marissa Franks : www.pinterest.comwww.pinterest.com Potted plant by Tiger frost: tigerfrost.deviantart.comtigerfrost.deviantart.com

50. References (cont’d) Julian Beever: http://www.julianbeever.net/index.php?option=com_phocagallery&view=category&id=2&Itemid=8 http://www.julianbeever.net/index.php?option=com_phocagallery&view=category&id=2&Itemid=8 Colour chips from Famous paintings: http://www.colourlovers.com/blog/2007/06/20/color- inspiration-from-the-masters-of-paintinghttp://www.colourlovers.com/blog/2007/06/20/color- inspiration-from-the-masters-of-painting Newborn baby clothes: www.babyprem.comwww.babyprem.com Baby clothes: atfebertia.free-hoster.netatfebertia.free-hoster.net Sleepers for babies: www.ikuzobaby.comwww.ikuzobaby.com Childrens’ clothes: www.mckinleykidz.comwww.mckinleykidz.com 2 nd set of childrens’ clothes: www.dreamstime.comwww.dreamstime.com Light blue flowers: www.playbuzz.comwww.playbuzz.com Light blue diamonds: allwomenstalk.comallwomenstalk.com Dark blue flowers: www.pinterest.comwww.pinterest.com Dark blue nails: makeupandbeautyisallineed.tumblr.commakeupandbeautyisallineed.tumblr.com Bright green bird:www.pinterest.comwww.pinterest.com Drawing of hair texture: www.onlypencil.comwww.onlypencil.com Dog drawing: http://rogersvillegallery.com/content/you-can%E2%80%99t-ignore-it-how-draw- tricky-part-doghttp://rogersvillegallery.com/content/you-can%E2%80%99t-ignore-it-how-draw- tricky-part-dog

51. References (cont’d) Bright green fish: https://sites.google.com/site/jackieandsalsgmosite/home/glofish-are-lifehttps://sites.google.com/site/jackieandsalsgmosite/home/glofish-are-life Rainbow coloured house: http://www.wallhome.net/5129/exterior-paint-colors-blue-grey/http://www.wallhome.net/5129/exterior-paint-colors-blue-grey/ Grey blue Victorian house: http://www.francescagino.us/14758-elegant-victorian-exterior-house- colors/green-victorian-exterior-house-colors/http://www.francescagino.us/14758-elegant-victorian-exterior-house- colors/green-victorian-exterior-house-colors/ Kiwi: www.dreamstime.comwww.dreamstime.com Green plant showing range of value: es.dreamstime.comes.dreamstime.com High intensity colour swatch: https://janemckay.wordpress.com/composition/https://janemckay.wordpress.com/composition/ Green low vs. high intensity green swatches: www.ideasforthoughtfulparents.comwww.ideasforthoughtfulparents.com Low intensity green swatch: www.pulliammorris.comwww.pulliammorris.com Low intensity rainbow: jane-beata.deviantart.comjane-beata.deviantart.com Musical instrument painting: dancingfeatherstudio.comdancingfeatherstudio.com Mona Lisa in high intensity colours: https://www.pinterest.com/lyngigi/mona-lisa/https://www.pinterest.com/lyngigi/mona-lisa/ Parody of Dali’s Persistence of Memory: http://www.tumblr.com/tagged/melting%20clockshttp://www.tumblr.com/tagged/melting%20clocks Value scale, shape: http://www.proko.com/basic-elements-shape-value-color-edge/http://www.proko.com/basic-elements-shape-value-color-edge/

52. References (cont’d) Ingredients for cooking: www.vancitybuzz.comwww.vancitybuzz.com Chevron implied lines: www.pinterest.comwww.pinterest.com Continuous line: merowing.infomerowing.info Clock drawing: imageload.coimageload.co Shoes drawn with line: jillianawoodsnicholas.wordpress.comjillianawoodsnicholas.wordpress.com Whale drawn with continuous line: www.reddit.comwww.reddit.com Paint swatches for exterior of house: http://agrotianmoment.com/gallery/sherwin-williams- exterior-paint-colors/sherwin-williams-exterior-paint-colors-blue-modern-decor-on-home-gallery- design-ideas/http://agrotianmoment.com/gallery/sherwin-williams- exterior-paint-colors/sherwin-williams-exterior-paint-colors-blue-modern-decor-on-home-gallery- design-ideas/ Dull green cuttle fish: letscuttle.blogspot.comletscuttle.blogspot.com Green makeup: paintedladybeauty.wordpress.compaintedladybeauty.wordpress.com Green tree snake: cregardsreptiles.comcregardsreptiles.com Blue chair: https://idreamofchairs.wordpress.com/tag/trends/https://idreamofchairs.wordpress.com/tag/trends/ Elements of art poster: www.dickblick.comwww.dickblick.com Black and white photo of bridge: taplearninglog.blogspot.comtaplearninglog.blogspot.com Background, middleground and foreground: 2dfoundations.wikifoundry.com2dfoundations.wikifoundry.com Film studies layering to give depth: www.ctrlpaint.comwww.ctrlpaint.com