1. Science - Year 3 Animals incl. Humans – Block 3AH Keeping Healthy Session 5 Task PowerPoint © Original resource copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users. We refer you to our warning, at the foot of the block overview, about links to other websites.

2. It is easy to make an instrument for measuring lung capacity using a few simple items. A 5 litre water bottle A clear storage box, part filled with water A measuring jug About 70cm of clear plastic tubing Masking tape and a permanent marker

3. 1. First, put a strip of masking tape all the way up one side of the bottle 2. Measure 500ml of water and pour it into the bottle. Make a mark to show the water level with permanent ink 3. Now measure another 500ml of water and pour it into the bottle. Make another mark to show the water level. Repeat until the bottle is full of water and you have a scale up the side showing half litres.

4. 4. Your bottle will look like this when you have finished 5. Next, empty the bottle and turn it upside down. Starting from the top, write a scale, counting in half litres (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, etc.)

5. 6. You are now ready to make your lung capacity measurer. Refill your bottle with water to the very top and put the cap on. Lower the bottle into your tank of water and push it under the surface before carefully removing the cap. You need 1 or 2 people to help support the bottle as it is heavy. 7. Turn your bottle upside down so that your scale is facing you. At all times make sure that you keep the neck of the bottle under the water. 8. Now feed one end of your plastic tubing into the neck of the bottle so it is just a few cm inside. The other end should be outside the storage box.

6. This diagram shows how your lung capacity measurer should look. Storage box part filled with water 5 litre water bottle full of water A half litre scale (drawn with permanent marker on masking tape) Plastic tubing

7. Measuring Lung Capacity Clean the end of the plastic tubing with a disinfectant wipe Ask a person to take a deep breath (using their diaphragm) and then put the end of the tubing in their mouth They should breathe out (exhale) into the tube for as long as they possibly can. What will happen in the bottle? Try it, to see if you are right!

8. The air from the person’s lungs is blown through the tube and into the bottle. The bubbles rise to the top. As the air comes into the bottle, water is forced out to make space for it. This is called displacement. The air collects at the top of the bottle.

9. When the person has no more breath left, the amount of air in the top of the bottle shows their lung capacity. You can read this in litres from your scale.

10. Two of our clients wanted to increase their lung capacity. Do you think this is possible? If regular exercise can make your diaphragm stronger and increase lung capacity, we might notice a link between a person’s lung capacity and the amount of regular exercise they do.

11. Perhaps these two client groups could investigate the question: Do people who exercise a lot, have a larger lung capacity than people who don’t? Plan an investigation in your group to help you answer this question.

12. Other clients wanted to know if they could improve their balance. Do you think there is a link between fitness and good balance? Do people who exercise a lot have better balance? Do people who practise activities that need good balance (like dance and gymnastics) have better balance than people who do not? Plan an investigation in your group to help you answer one of these questions.

13. Some clients wanted to improve their all round fitness so that they did not become out of breath so quickly. Do people who exercise a lot, pant less after strenuous activity than those who don’t? Plan an investigation in your group to help you answer this question.

14. Let’s investigate our scientific questions!