1. Spanish Basics Guide It is as simple as 1-2-3 12 3 Present – Yo estudiohoy. Future – Yo voy a estudiar ayer. Past – Yo estudiéayer.

2. Part 1 - Subjects Who is doing the action? Yo INosotros We (m) Nosotras We (f) (CS)… y yo … and I Tú You (familiar)Vosotros You all (fam/pl/m) Vosotras You all (fam/pl/f) Él He Ella She Usted You (formal) (singular noun) Ellos They (m) Ellas They (f) Ustedes You all (formal/pl) (plural noun) (CS) … y … … and …

3. Part 2 - Verbs What is the action? Basic verbs are called infinitives English – to …Spanish - …ar, …er,…ir All verbs in any tense in Spanish have two parts: Stems and Endings. The stem is generally what one has when the ar, er, or ir is dropped. Habl – arCom – erViv - ir

4. Part 2 – Regular Verbs Present 1.Drop the the ar, er, ir to find the stem. 2. Add the correct endings AR ER IR Hablar Comer Vivir to speak to eat to live Habl - oHabl - amos Habl - asHabl - aís Habl - aHabl - an Com - oCom - emos Com - esCom - eis Com- eCom - en Viv - oViv - imos Viv - esViv - eis Viv - eViv - en

5. Part 2 – Common Reg. Verbs Present AR ER IR buscar (to look for)aprender (to learn)abrir (to open) comprar (to buy)beber (to drink)escribir (to write) trabajar (to work)comer (to eat) describir (to describe) caminar (to walk)correr (to run)recibir (to receive) estudiar (to study)vender (to sell)subir (to go up) pagar (to pay)leer (to read)decidir (to decide) llamar (to call)creer (to believe)sufrir (to suffer) mirar (to watch)meter (to put into) permitir (to permit) usar (to use)temer (to fear)vivir (to live) trabajar (to work)deber (should…) tomar (to take, drink) necesitar (to need) pasar (to pass, spend time)

6. Part 2 – Stem Changing Verbs 1.A stem changing verb has a spelling change in the part called the stem. (u-ue, e-ie, o-ue, e-i) 2.Stem changes in the present tense happen in boxes 1, 2, 3 and 5 or what is referred to as “the boot. e-ie (preferir) o-ue (dormir) e-I (servir) (servir) Hablar Comer Vivir to speak to eat to live prefier - o prefer - imos prefier - es prefier- eprefier - en duerm - odorm - imos duerm - es duerm- eduerm - en sirv - oserv - imos sirv - es sirv - esirv - en

7. Part 2 – Common stem changing verbs e-ieo-ue e-i pensar (to think)dormir (to sleep)pedir (to ask for) entender (to understand)almorzar (to eat lunch)servir (to serve) comenzar (to begin)contar (to count) decir (to tell) empezar (to start)doler (to hurt, ache)vestir (to dress) cerrar (to close)volver (to return)repetir (to repeat) mentir (to lie)mostrar (to show)medir (to measure) sentir (to feel)llover (to rain)seguir (to follow) sugerir (to suggest)encontrar (to find) corregir (to correct) recomendar (to recommend) resolver (to solve)elegir (to elect) perder (to lose) costar (to cost)bendecir (to bless) preferir (to prefer)volar (to fly)freír (to fry) negar (to deny)poder (to be able to)competir (to compete) querer (to want)soñar (to dream)gemir (to groan) nevar (to snow)recordar (to remember)despedir (to fire) despertarse (to wake-up)morder (to bite)reuñir (to quarrel, scold) quebrar (to break)mover (to move)conseguir (to obtain)

8. Part 2 – Irreg. “go” verbs 1.Verbs that are irregular because the YO form ends in “GO”. 2.These verbs “tend to be” regular in the other four conjugated forms. Hacer TenerPoner ha - go hac - emos hac - es hac- ehac - en ten - goten - emos tien - es tien- etien - en pon - gopon - emos pon - es pon - epon - en

9. Part 2 – Common “go” verbs Tener to have Salirto leave Venirto come Decirto say, tell Bendecirto bless Ponerto put, place Hacerto do, make *Caerto fall *Traerto bring *add “igo” to yo form, not just “go”

10. Part 2 – Irreg. “vowel + cer, cir” verbs 1.MOST of these verbs fall into a pattern of the c and the end of the stem changing to zc in the yo form and then add the o ending. producirconducirconocer produ - zco produc - emos produc - es produc- eproduc - en condu - zcoconduc - emos conduc - es conduc- econduc - en cono - zcoconoc - emos conoc - es conoc - econoc - en

11. Part 2 – Common “vowel +cir, cer” verbs Conocer -to know (a person) Agradecer-to thank Aparecer-to appear Desparecer-to disappear Establecer-to establish Obedecer-to obey Ofrecer-to offer Permanacer-to remain Conducir-to drive Producir-to produce Reducir-to reduce Traducir-to translate

12. Part 2 – Irreg. “consonant + cer, cir” verbs 1.MOST of these verbs fall into a pattern of the c and the end of the stem changing to z in the yo form and then add the o ending. convencer ejercer conven - zoconvenc - emos conven - es convenc- econvenc - en ejer – zoejerc - emos ejerc - es ejerc - eejerc - en

13. Part 2 – Irreg. “ger, gir” verbs 1.MOST of these verbs fall into a pattern of the g at the end of the stem changing to j in the yo form and then add the o ending. escoger esco - joescog - emos escog - es escog- eescogen - en

14. Part 2 – Common “vowel +cir, cer” verbs coger -to grasp corregir-to correct recoger-to pick up elegir-to elect proteger-to protect

15. Part 2 – Common Irreg. Verbs Present serto be soysomos eressois esson estarto be estoyestamos estásestáis estáestán obtenerto obtain obtengoobtenemos obtienesobteneis obtieneobtienen irto go voyvamos vasvais vavan decirto say, tell digodecimos dicesdecís dicedicen caberto fit quepocabemos cabescabéis cabecaben darto give doydamos dasdais dadan poderto be able, can puedopodemos puedespodéis puedepueden ponerto put, set pongoponemos ponesponemos poneponen saberto know sésabemos sabessabéis sabesaben haberthere is (are) hay

17. Part 2 – Verbs used with infinitives Present quererto want quieroqueremos quieresqueréis quierequieren poderto be able to podemos puedespodéis puedepueden irto go voy avamos a vas avais a va avan a To express what you want to do: Yo quiero comprar café mañana. I want to buy coffee tomorrow. To express what you can do: Yo puedo trabajar hoy. I can work today. To express what you are going to do: Yo voy a estudiar mañana. I am going to study tomorrow.

18. Part 2 – Verbs used with infinitives Present tener queto have to tengo quetenemos que tienes quetenéis que tiene quetienen que debershould, ought to debodebemos debesdebéis debedeben gustarto like Me gustaNos gusta Te gustaOs gusta Le gustaLes gusta To express what you have to do: Yo tengo que trabajar mañana. I have to work tomorrow. To express what you should do: Yo debo estudiar hoy. I should study today. To express what you like to do: Me gusta bailar y cantar.. I like to sing and dance.

19. Part 2 – Verbs used with infinitives Present tener ganas deto feel like tengo ganas detenemos ganas de tienes ganas detenéis ganas de tiene ganas detienen ganas de encantarto love Me gustaNos gusta Te gustaOs gusta Le gustaLes gusta To express what you feel like doing: Yo tengo ganas de trabajar mañana. I feel like working tomorrow. To express what you love to do: Me encanta bailar y cantar.. I love to sing and dance.

21. podemos dices Camino trabaja vivimos tienen puedes ladran crece salen lloro bailamos Juegas siento sale sigue