1. INDICATORS FOR THE COAST. THE STATE OF THE ART INTERNATIONAL SUMMERSCHOOL ON COASTAL AND MARINE MANAGEMENT 13 TH SEPTEMBER 2005, WARNEMÜNDE DIPL.-ING. JENS HOFFMANN HOCHSCHULE NEUBRANDENBURG UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

2. DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATORS. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1 THE STATE OF THE ART AND CURRENT EXAMPLES 2 INDICATORS FOR THE ODER ESTUARY REGION 3

3. DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATORS. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1

4. WHAT IS AN INDICATOR ? An indicator can be defined as a parameter or a value derived from parameters which provides information about a fact, a circumstance, a phenomenon.

5. WHAT IS AN INDICATOR ? The really interesting thing is not the indicator. The indicated state or the change of a state is interesting. That means every indicator is based on a explaining relationship between indicator and indicated state. The more realistic this relationship is the better is the quality of the indicator.

6. INDICATOR SET / SYSTEM An indicator set is a compilation of indicators grouped by sustainability dimensions, relationships to a system of goals or other frameworks. An indicator set is used in the context of an indicator system, that includes information about the self-image, the functions, the target groups, the structure, thematic priorities, used methods of participation …

7. FROM DATA TO INDICATORS Increasing compression of information DATA STATISTICS INDICATORS INDEX

8. GOALS AND INDICATORS The conception of indicators is related to data and guidelines and goals. Guidelines and goals describe which information shall be indicated and by which criteria the data shall be selected or aggregated. LEVEL OF DATA LEVEL OF INDICATORS LEVEL OF GUIDELINES AND GOALS

9. FUNCTIONS OF INDICATORS Indicators provide an extremly useful way to improve communication, transparency, effectiveness and accountability. They are a tool that helps make clear assessments of and comparisons between management programs through time. They simplify the description of the extent to which the objectives for the management program are being achieved. (UNESCO 2003: 14)

10. FUNCTIONS OF INDICATORS 1.Information and communication 2.Orientation, comparison, benchmarking 3. Evaluation and controlling

11. DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATORS

12. DEMANDS TO INDICATORS simple – quantifiable – communicable  relevant to planning, decision, political processes  relationship goal and indicator  credible, easy to understand, unambiguous, simple as possible (while achieving the desired results)  comparable (different time periods and areas)  practical use  developed in a process participating the users  data availability

13. THE STATE OF THE ART AND CURRENT EXAMPLES 2

14. EUROPE  1997-1999 35 European ICZM demonstration projects  European parliament & council recommendation: “Implementation of ICZM in Europe” (2002)  National reports in 2006, European marine strategy  Working group on indicators and data of the European expert group on ICZM (WG-ID) development of 2 indicator sets: (1.) set of 27 SD indicators (2.) progress indicators

15. International workshop on indicators for ICAM, May 2002 in Ottawa  ICAM Dossier No. 1  Ocean & coastal management 46 (2003) IOC of UNESCO

16. IOC of UNESCO Handbook to promote the development und use of ICOM indicators  actually indicator tests in different countries  presentation 2006 in Paris

17. OTHER EXAMPLES UN / CSD: Sustainability indicators - Core set for oceans and coasts WRI: Pilot Analysis of Global Coastal Ecosystem (PAGE) WRI: Earth Trends Database (Coastal and marine ecosystems) HELCOM: Baltic marine environment indicators / BALTIC 21 TMAP: The Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program PLAN BLEU: Indicators in the Mediterranean Region U.S. COASTS AND OCEANS: Indicators of the condition and use of U.S. coasts and oceans UK: SD Indicators (Quality of life counts - Seas, oceans & coasts) UK Living Coastlines: Framework for managing the coast of Devon and Cornwall UK: Indicators for the health of Solent

18. DATABASE INDICATORS FOR THE COAST

19. TYPES OF INDICATORS Indicators useful for coastal management puroses can be distinguished into three different types:  environmental indicators,  socioeconomic indicators,  governance indicators to evaluate ICZM efforts.

20. FRAMEWORKS FOR INDICATORS  Logical framework  to improve program implementation  PSR/DPSIR framework  to explore relationships between human activities and the environment  Policy cycle  to follow project implementation  Outcome-based frameworks  to enhance program effectiveness

21. ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS  Reflect trends in the state of the environment and monitor the progress made by policy measures in achieving environmental goals  ecosystem-based approach: recognizes that humans are an integral component of ecosystems and also recognizes the varying temporal scales and lag effects which characterize ecosystem processes  DPSIR-framework

22. ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS organization / ecosystem structure  diversity, distribution, abundance vigour / ecosystem function  production and reproduction, trophic interactions, mortality quality / physical and chemical properties  species health, water quality, habitat quality

23. SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS socioeconomic goals related to „quality of life“ 1.maximizing sustainable wealth generation and the reduction of poverty  total economic value, total employment 2. minimizing environmental degradation from human activities  sustainable managed exploitation and use, pollutants and introductions, habitat alteration 3. protecting human life, public und private property and establishing or maintaining equitable population dynamics  diseases and illness, weather and disaster, population dynamics

24. GOVERNANCE INDICATORS Policy cycle Issue identification Program identification Formal adoption and funding Implementation Evaluation 551 244 1 2 33 Sustainability Time

25. GOVERNANCE INDICATORS

26. INDICATORS FOR THE ODER ESTUARY REGION 3

27. 1.a border and a coastal region with an estuary  the challenge of the triple integration 2.the context of existing regional concepts, strategies and networks 3. lessons learnt from the development of SD indicators ASPECTS TO CONSIDER

28. TRIPLE INTEGRATION GERMAN SEA SIDE GERMAN LAND SIDE POLISH SEA SIDE POLISH LAND SIDE RIVER ODER WITH RIVER BASIN AND ESTUARY 2 1 3

29. Variety of integrated concepts, strategies, networks many different activities of regional development involving often the same stakeholders in different networks  Regional Agenda 21 as a potential common umbrella  Compilation and consolidation of regional guidelines and goals THE REGIONAL CONTEXT

30. Conclusions  The integration of ICZM into the context of regional development is the chance to connect ICZM with other strategies. (ICZM is only one aspect of regional development.)  The consideration of the existing networks, strategies and goals ensures acceptance of ICZM efforts. THE REGIONAL CONTEXT

31. EXPERIENCES SD INDICATORS  The potential is absolutely not exhausted yet.  divergence between scientific demands and practical realization  Reason for the development is often an external impulse.  Indicators must beapplicable, understandable and connected with existing data.  Systematic frameworks and comparability with other communities or regions are not so important.  main functions: reports, information and public relations  rare use for control and evaluation of management processes

32. RECOMMENDATIONS  consideration of different functions and target groups  indicator system structured in modules in relation to existing problems and activities (core indicators and thematic modules with specific indicators)  identification of interfaces with the practical work (user needs)  participation of stakeholders  orientation towards accepted goals  responsibilities for indicators or modules

33. FROM REGIONAL GOALS TO INDICATORS DIFFERENT REGIONAL GUIDELINES AND GOALS COMMON REGIONAL GUIDELINES AND GOALS MODULE COAST / ESTUARY MODULE AGRI- CULTURE MODULE TOURISM MODULE … SELECTION OF SUITABLE INDICATORS (STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION, SELECTION CRITERIA) INTERLINKAGES REGIONAL GOALS INDICATORS SPECIFIC CORE SET OF REGIONAL CORE INDICATORS

34. CONTACT DIPL.-ING. JENS HOFFMANN HOCHSCHULE NEUBRANDENBURG UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES BRODAER STR. 2 D 17033 NEUBRANDENBURG FON: +49 395 5693 255 MAIL: jenshoffmann@fh-nb.de / hoffmann@iugr.net