1. Cells & Microorganisms

2. Cells 1)What are cells? - the basic unit of structure and function in living things; most cells have to be seen with microscope 2) Describe organisms. - a living thing is an organism. Examples: amoeba, salamanders, plants, humans

3. Plant/ Animal Cells 3)What are plant cells and animal cells? - cells that are within plants and animals; they have certain structures in common; They all have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, a nucleus, and mitochondria.

4. Cells Structures StructureFunctionKind of Cell NucleusDirects a cells activities; brain of the cellPlant/ Animal Cell MembraneHolds a cell together and separates it from the surroundings Plant/ Animal ChromosomeInside nucleus; contains information about cell.Plant/ Animal Cell WallSupports and protects a plant cellPlant CytoplasmA jellylike substance containing chemicals that help the cell stay healthy Plant/ Animal ChloroplastMakes food for the plant cellPlant VacuoleStores food, water, or wastesPlant/ Animal VesicleTransports materialsPlant/ Animal MitochondriaReleases energy from food; powerhousePlant/ Animal

5. Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems 4) What is a tissue? - cells that work together to perform a specific function. Examples: A) Epithelial Tissue – in your skin and it lines your internal organs 5) Explain the function of capillaries. - delivers oxygen and nutrients to each body cell and carries away waste

6. Examples of Tissues in the Human Body

7. 6) Describe the function of an organ and an organ system. -Organs are several kinds of tissues that work together to carry out a certain function. Example: stomach, pancreas, heart, lungs… -Organ systems are organs that work together to do a job for the body. Examples of organs in body Examples of organ systems

8. Closer look at the Digestive System

9. Simplest to Complex 7) List the correct arrangement of structures from simplest to most complex.

10. 8) What life functions do tissues and organs carry out? -breathing, digestion, transport of materials, and removal of waste 9) What is a microorganism? - a living thing that is too small to see without a microscope

11. Kinds of Microorganisms 10) Describe bacteria. - microorganisms that are shaped like rods, spirals, or balls; can be helpful or harmful. 11) Describe molds. fungi that are microorganisms; look like plants, but they cant make their own food; fungi are decomposers so they break down decaying plants and animals in environment

12. 12) Describe protists. -are microorganisms; some like algae make their own food; some hunt for food as animals

13. Helpful Microorganisms 13) Explain some ways that microorganisms are helpful. - bacteria is used to make medicines, help digest food in digestive systems, and used to make certain foods like yogurt and cheese a) phytoplankton- without this, we wouldn’t have enough oxygen to breathe (food for fish) b) penicillin and streptomycin- helps kill diseases and infections (mold) c) decomposers – helps dead things decay

14. Harmful Microorganisms 14) Explain some ways that microorganisms can be harmful. a) Salmonella and E. coli- can make you sick; they grow on raw chick and other meats, raw eggs, and other raw foods; cooking kills them b) Other bacteria grows on food that is left out of refrigerator for too long; can spoil food; cause skin diseases such as athlete’s foot

15. c) Ringworm – a fungus that grows best on warm and moist skin d) Red tide- a kind of algae that can suddenly grow; turns water a reddish color; kills fish

16. Examples of Microorganisms in Action

17. 15) If all the helpful microorganisms disappeared, what would be some effects? a) fewer medicines to fight disease b) fewer fish to eat c) fewer plants to eat d) no yogurt, cheese or bread to eat e) dead organisms everywhere f) much less oxygen to breathe