1. Shakespearean Sonnet 14 lines First Three Stanzas=Quatrains (4 lines=12 lines total) Fourth Stanza=Couplet (2) Rhyme Scheme: ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG Theme=love, exquisite wrding & imagery, showy Iambic Pentameter Example—R&J Prologue Petrarchan Sonnet 14 lines First Stanza=Octave (8) Re: a theme Second Stanza=Sestet (6) Re: developing theme Rhyme Scheme: ABBA, CDC, (CDE)*varies CDC, (CCE) Formal/Rigid Version-love sick male & religious associations Scansion Varies Example: Petrarch’s Sonnets

2. Iambic Pentameter Iamb= 2 syllables as unit (metrical foot) Unstressed (short), Stressed (long) Meter=how many iambs in a line –Penta=five, tetra=four, tri=three Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? (William Shakespeare)William Shakespeare Key: Non-bold = unstressed syllable Bold = stressed syllable

3. Quando fra l'altre donne ad ora ad ora Amor vien nel bel viso di costei, quanto ciascuna è men bella di lei tanto cresce 'l desio che m'innamora. I' benedico il loco e 'l tempo et l'ora che sí alto miraron gli occhi mei, et dico: Anima, assai ringratiar dêi che fosti a tanto honor degnata allora. Da lei ti vèn l'amoroso pensero, che mentre 'l segui al sommo ben t'invia, pocho prezando quel ch'ogni huom desia; da lei vien l'animosa leggiadria ch'al ciel ti scorge per destro sentero, sí ch'i' vo già de la speranza altero. When Love within her lovely face appears now and again among the other ladies, as much as each is less lovely than she the more my wish I love within me grows. I bless the place, the time and hour of the day that my eyes aimed their sights at such a height, and say: 'My soul, you must be very grateful that you were found worthy of such great honour. From her to you comes loving thought that leads, as long as you pursue, to highest good, esteeming little what all men desire; there comes from her all joyous honesty that leads you by the straight path up to Heaven— already I fly high upon my hope.' Petrarch’s Sonnets-14 th Century Italian English

4. Terza Rima From “Acquainted with the Night” by Robert Frost I have been one acquainted with the night. I have walked out in rain--and back in rain. I have outwalked the furthest city light I have looked down the saddest city lane. I have passed by the watchman on his beat And dropped my eyes, unwilling to explain. involve interlocking rhymes,written in iambic tercets. aba bcb cdc ded most iambic pentameter. If other line lengths are used, such as tetrameter,all lines must be in that length.

5. History of Ottava Rima The first English poet to write mock-heroic ottava rima was John Hookham Frere, whose 1817 poem Whistlecraft used the form to considerable effect. Byron read Frere's work and saw the potential of the form. He quickly produced Beppo, his first poem to use the form. Shortly after this, Byron began working on his Don Juan (1819-1824), probably the best-known English poem in ottava rima. Byron also used the form for his Vision of Judgment (1822). Shelley translated the Homeric Hymns into English in ottava rima. In the 20th century, William Butler Yeats used the form, with half rhyme, in several of his best later poems, including "Sailing to Byzantium" and "Among School Children".John Hookham Frere1817Byron181918241822ShelleyHomeric HymnsWilliam Butler Yeatshalf rhyme http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottava_rima

6. Form of Ottava Rima eight iambic lines,iambic usually iambic pentameters.iambic pentameters Each stanza consists of three rhymes following rhyme scheme a-b-a-b-a-b-c-c. rhyme scheme From Byron's Don Juan:ByronDon Juan "Go, little book, from this my solitude! I cast thee on the waters – go thy ways! And if, as I believe, thy vein be good, The world will find thee after many days." When Southey 's read, and Wordsworth understood,SoutheyWordsworth I can't help putting in my claim to praise – The four first rhymes are Southey's every line: For God's sake, reader! take them not for mine. **Notice stanza form, line formation, and Punctuation!!!