1. Nazi party: the early years Learning Objectives: To explore the early years of the Nazi Party and the SA To identify how Hitler rose to power To examine the extent of Hitler’s role in the rise of the Nazis

2. January 1919 Anton Drexler founded the German Workers’ Party or DAP. Hitler first attended a DAP meeting. He shared the party’s main views in rallying against; the communists & socialists for bringing down the Kaiser the Weimar Republic for accepting the Treaty of Versailles the Jews, whom they blamed for undermining the German economy September 1919 February 1920 Hitler began working as Drexler’s right-hand man & together they announced the new 25 Point Programme which included; scrapping the Treaty of Versailles, expanding Germany’s borders & depriving the Jews of German citizenship. The birth of the Nazi Party 1919-1921 June 1920 Hitler was an energetic, passionate speaker & his public speaking began to attract larger numbers to the meetings. He exploited the fact that so many people were dissatisfied with the Weimar Republic. Membership grew rapidly to 1100. August 1920 Hitler suggested that the DAP change its name to the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP or Nazi Party for short) & adopt the swastika as its Emblem. Mid-1921 Hitler pushed Drexler Aside & became party Fuhrer, or leader

3. In 1921, Hitler created the Sturmabteilung (SA) or storm troopers They were the Nazis’ private army They were recruited from demobbed soldiers, the unemployed & students These ‘Brownshirts provided security at meetings & bodyguards for Nazi leaders They broke up meetings of opposition groups Hitler put Rohm in charge of the SA Many of the SA were thugs & difficult to control so in 1923 Hitler selected trusted members of the SA & formed his own personal bodyguard – the Stosstrupp or Shock Troop

4. Evidence Source 1 The trouble had not begun when my storm troopers attacked. Like wolves, they flung themselves in packs of eight or ten upon the enemy. After only five minutes, I hardly saw one of them who was not covered in blood. The hall looked as if a shell had struck it. Many of my supporters were being bandaged, others had to be driven away, but we had remained the masters of the situation. Adolf Hitler, 1925 What do you learn about the SA (Stormtroopers) from this source?

5. Hitler’s Rise There were four main ways in which Hitler was able to rise to power: The creation of the SA The designing of the Nazi Emblem Hitler’s own charisma Hitler gathering close supporters In your group, discuss how your factor helped Hitler rise to power.

6. The SA Hitler initially faced a great deal of opposition – both from opposing parties and from fellow nazis. To deal with this opposition, Hitler set up the SA, which was essentially his own private army. The SA was made up of violent ex- soldiers with an axe to grind. Their reputation grew very quickly, with repeated shows of violence at political events. As a result, Hitler was able to remove an opposition he faced swiftly, and opposition quickly faded away anyway due to the culture of fear the SA created.

7. Nazi Emblem As a self-proclaimed artist, Hitler gave a lot of thought to the Nazi symbology. He recognised the need for the Nazis to have a memorable emblem, and designed the now infamous flag. The flag and swastika emblem essentially turned the Nazis from a political party into a household brand. As a result, Hitler propelled the party in the popularity stakes, and membership rose quickly.

8. Charisma Hitler was incredibly charismatic. He was also an excellent orator (public speaker) and drew huge crowds to his Nazi speeches and rallies. This increased the Nazi audience, and allowed them to convey their ideas to the masses. No other party at the time had such a ‘hypnotic’ speaker. As a result, support for the party greatly increased.

9. Close Supporters As soon as Hitler took the leadership in 1921, he surrounded himself with loyal supporters. He rewarded these men with positions of power in the party, and many went on to become top Nazis in later years. By surrounding himself with these supporters, he ensured his own position was safe, whilst being able to delegate most of his dirty work to them. This created competition within the Nazi party itself, with several prominent supporters vying for power, which essentially caused the party to escalate its policies and become more and more extreme.

10. Hitler’s closest supporters Ernst Rohm - a scar faced, Bull-necked soldier Hermann Goring – a wealthy hero of the German Air Force Rudolf Hess – a wealthy academic who became Hitler’s deputy Julius Streicher – founder of the Nazi Paper Der Sturmer

11. The Nazi Party 1919-23 19191921 Hitler’s role Draw the graph above. (Use a whole page!) Cut out the ‘events that led to the rise of the Nazis’ cards, and stick them on your graph according to how much involvement Hitler had.

12. Exam Practise “How far was Hitler responsible for the rise of the Nazi Party between 1919-21?” (6 marks)

13. Hitler renamed the DAP the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP or Nazi Party for short). When Hitler first attended a party meeting there were only 23 people present. Hitler pushed Drexler Aside & became party Fuhrer, or leader. At first the DAP was only a small & little known group. The party adopted the swastika as its emblem & began to use the raised arm salute. Hitler’s passionate & energetic public speaking attracted larger numbers. In 1921 Hitler created the Sturmabteilung (SA) or Storm Troopers. Drexler & Hitler revealed the Party’s 25-Point Programme. Hitler’s group attracted support from the army, the police & small businesses. Hitler surrounded himself with loyal party leaders. Anton Drexler founded German Workers’ Party (DAP). Hitler began working as Drexler’s right-hand man.