1. Teaching Aids Service by KRRC Information Section

2. Engineering Geology Where Civilization and Earth Meet

3. Geology: (From Greek, Geo- Earth. Logos- Science) is the science that deals with the study of the Earth as a planet. It includes scientific studies dealing with origin, age and structure of the earth and gives insight in to the history of the earth as it provides primary evidence for Plate tectonic and past climate. Geology also includes the study of various physical, dynamic and physico-chemical processes operating on or within the earth and of the agents and forces involved and evolved in such processes. Branches of Geology : Physical Geology and Geomorphology Mineralogy Petrology Historical geology or Stratigraphy Economic Geology Engineering Geology Structural Geology

4. Physical Geology and Geomorphology

5. Mineralogy

6. Structural Geology

7. Economic Geology

8. Petrology

9. Historical geology examines the origin and evolution of our planet through time.

10. Allied Sciences Geochemistry: Deals with chemical constitution of the earth specifically the distribution and abundance of different elements. Geophysics: In this branch of science important principles, processes and methods of physics are applied to solve many geological problems. Study of Internal Structure of the Earth, identification of oil and water bearing strata below the surface of the earth is carried out mostly by using geophysical principles and processes. Geohydrology: It deals specifically with the geological aspect of groundwater and surface water bodies with regard to their occurrence and movement in different types of rocks. Rock mechanics: It deals exclusively with the study of behaviour of rocks under various types of load imposed on them. Geomechanics: It deals with the study of natural force fields acting on the earth on global and regional levels. Meteorology Oceanography

11. Engineering Geology Engineering geology is a branch of applied sciences which deals with the application of geology for safe, stable and economic design and construction of a civil engineering project. Application of geological knowledge in planning, designing and construction of a civil engineering project is absolutely essential. Engineering geologic studies may be performed during the planning, environmental impact analysis, civil or structural engineering design, value engineering and construction phases of public and private works projects, and during post-construction and forensic phases of projects. Objectives: It enables a civil engineer to understand engineering implications of certain geological conditions related to the area of construction. It enables a geologist to understand the geological information that is absolutely essential for a safe design and construction of a civil engineering project.

12. 12 Why Engineering geology? Serve civil engineering to provide information in 3 most important areas: Resources for construction; aggregates, fills and borrows. Finding stable foundations; Mitigation of geological hazards; Identify problems, evaluate the costs, provide information to mitigate the problem Importance of geology in Civil Engineering practice

13. Geology in Construction jobs Planning Topographic Maps Hydrological Maps Geological Maps Design Foundation rocks Mechanical Properties of rocks such as compressive strength, shear and transverse strength, modulus of elasticity, porosity and permeability, resistance to weathering. Presence, nature and distribution pattern of planes of structural weakness (joints, folds, faults etc.) Position of groundwater table Seismic character of the area.Contd………..

14. Construction Rocks are anisotropic in character and behave differently in different conditions, hence stability of a structure constructed on them, through them or with them depends considerably on the understanding of the nature of rocks. Geology helps in the selection and proper use of material derived from rocks. Engineering geology started gaining its importance after the Failure of St. Francis dam in California in 1928. Prior to this event, only need based or Ad-hoc geological advice was taken for any sort of Construction Projects. Systematic development and Mandatory provisions of Geological Investigations came into practice after 1928 St. Francis Dam was a 62.5m high concrete gravity arch dam. Its failure was attributed to fault zones and conglomerates which got dissolved after saturation and lead to leakage to in foundation.

15. Your Role as a Civil Engineer The materials making up the land (rocks, soil, water bodies, vegetation etc.) and the role played by each of them in the evolution of the natural landscape has to be understood. An engineer equipped with geological knowledge will be able to take decision regarding allocation of land for various projects keeping in mind that every meter of land that is taken out from natural system for any construction activity is going to affect the system as a whole. Engineering projects should be taken in to consideration with the application of the geologic science for the purpose of assuring that the geologic factors affecting the location, design, construction, operation and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and adequately provided for. It includes all geological studies, in the field and in the laboratory, which contribute towards the safety as well as the economic planning and execution of any Engineering project.

16. Geology in Engineering In Pisa the tilted one is back in business after an 11-year effort to keep it from collapsing The Leaning Tower Straightens Up www.smithsonianmag.si.edu Engineers use knowledge of geology to design, protect and correct structures. Committee member John Burland, an engeneer promoted soil extraction as the best way to save the tower.The final solution to prevent the collapse of the tower was to slightly straighten the tower to a safer angle, by removing 38 cubic meters (50 cubic yards) of soil from underneath the raised end. The tower was straightened by 45 centimeters (18 inches), returning to its 1838 position. After a decade of corrective reconstruction and stabilization efforts, the tower was reopened to the public on December 15, 2001, and was declared stable for at least another 300 years.