1. Sparta and Athens: City-State Rivals Chapter 9.2

2. Political Changes Wealthy nobles began to take power from the kings as the Greek city-states grew. The farmers did not like the nobles in charge. By 650 B.C., farmers, merchants, and artisans wanted reform (change). Only the land owners were considered citizens, so the other groups had no power.

3. Tyrants All of the political unrest led to tyrants taking control. Even though a tyrant has total authority, many in charge of the city-states were fair rulers.

4. Early Greek Government When the tyrants first overthrew the nobles, the common people were supportive. Ruled most city-states until c.500 B.C. Tyrants were liked because: –Built new temples and marketplaces –Supported the army

5. Early Greek Government Greeks still wanted to participate in government even if they didn’t own land. Around 336 B.C., city-states became oligarchies or democracies. Sparta and Athens were two of the city-states with different governments and culture.

6. Sparta: A Military Society Located on Peloponnesus Peninsula Descended from Dorians Economy based on agriculture Invaded neighboring city-states Enslaved people (helots)

7. Spartan Men 650 B.C. the helots revolted (epic fail) Decided to become a military society Goal: create obedient and loyal citizens Boys left home at 7 to prepare for a life in the military Treated harshly to make them betters soldiers

8. Spartan Men Entered army at 20 Could marry but had to live in military camps Allowed to return home at 30 and retire at 60

9. Spartan Women Women could own property and travel Trained in sports to be physically fit Goal: raise sons to become brave soldiers “Come home carrying your shield or being carried on it.”

10. How was Sparta governed? Oligarchy 2 kings in charge of army and religious ceremonies Assembly – all male citizens over 30 –decided on war Council of elders - most powerful - judges - order executions - elected ephors (enforce law)

11. How was Sparta governed? Strict government = stability Did not like free thinking and learning Did not welcome foreigners Citizens could not travel except for military purpose Discouraged trade Greatest military in Greece

12. Athens: A Young Democracy NE of Sparta Descended from Mycenaeans Education was key Boys learned math, music, language, and public speaking Sports important Mind and Body At 18 joined the army for 2 years

13. Athens Women Girls taught to care for the home Wealthy girls learned to read and write Had to obey father and then husband