1. Public Speaking

2. “Your Language is the Index of Your Mind”

3. Why is Public Speaking Important? Personal Benefits : -makes you look like a credible, intelligent person. -people are more likely to listen to you say or do what you want. Practical Benefits : -We spend 70% of each day communicating --Oral communication skills are a factor in all job interviews -Also relate highly with success at work.

4. Developing Your Speech  First find a good topic, one that interests you AND your audience.

5. Criteria for a Good Speech Topic  Have I selected a topic that will better the lives of listeners?  Does the topic concern me today?  Will the topic fulfill the assignment?  Have I narrowed the topic so that it fits the time?  Can I develop enough knowledge on this topic?

6. Developing Your Speech, Contd. Next, decide your purpose for speaking: to persuade someone (Persuasive) to inform someone (Informative) to show someone how to do something or how something works. (Demonstrative)

7. Developing Your Speech, Contd. Finally, focus on the important aspects of your speech in a thesis statement that clearly lays out your main points. “Today, I want to discuss a moral blight on our campus- the epidemic of date rape, and what we can do about it. I will first define date rape, then show its causes and consequences, and conclude with some good advice on how to prevent and avoid it.” In this example, listeners have been alerted to three main points in the speech: 1. The nature of date rape 2. Its causes and effects 3. Prevention of date rape

8. The Introduction The main purpose of the introduction is to GAIN THE AUDIENCE’S ATTENTION Some ways are: 1. involve the audience 2. relate your subject to personal experience 3. ask rhetorical questions 4. create suspense 5. tell a story 6. use humor 7. begin with a quotation 8. startle listeners

9. The Introduction, contd. Other basic purposes for the introduction are:  To prepare the audience for the rest of the speech  Build a good relationship between you and your listeners

10. Selecting and Using Introductory Techniques  Consider your audience.  Use your introduction to tie your topic to their needs, interests, or well-being.  Consider the mood you want to establish.  Consider your time limits.  Consider what you do best.

11. The Body The body is the most important part of your speech because its here where you develop your main points. Every main point in a speech should have supporting material: -facts and figures -testimony -examples -narratives (stories) Each main point should be separated and on its own, so that you don’t jump around and confuse the audience.

12. Transitions Transitions show how your ideas connect with each other. They help your listeners focus on the meaning of what you’ve already said and prepare them for what is to come. Examples of transition words: until nownext only last weekthen traditionally on the other hand similarly as a result finally in conclusion

13. The Conclusion The conclusion of your speech should include the following two things:  It should begin with a summary statement, which restates the main points and thesis statement. EX: In conclusion, if you want to know why we have a greenhouse effect, listen for the falling trees, watch the industrial smoke darkening the air, smell the exhaust fumes we are pumping into the atmosphere.

14. The Conclusion, contd.  Besides the summary statement, the conclusion must also contain closing remarks. 1. remind the audience of what they have at stake. 2. ask rhetorical questions. 3. end with a story. 4. close with a quotation. 5. end with a metaphor.

15. Examples of Effective Closing Remarks  The greenhouse effect is a monster we are all creating. And if we don’t stop, we and our children face more and more drastic changes and serious health problems. (involving the audience)  We recall the story of the three stonemasons who were asked what they were doing. The first said, “I am laying brick.” The second replied, “I am laying a foundation.” And the third said, “I am building a cathedral.” Let’s you and I set our sights that high. Let’s build cathedrals of success today, tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow. (ending with a metaphor)

16. Good Form The structure of a speech should follow the ways people naturally see and arrange things in their minds. People cluster info so that it can be more easily remembered. Once grouped, information is organized according to a few basic principles, and when these principles are satisfied, a speech has Good Form.

17. The Principles of Good Form: 1. Simplicity The more simple your speech design, the easier it will be for listeners to follow, understand, and remember. To achieve simplicity, limit the number of main points. In general, the fewer the main points you have, the better. Remember, each main point must be developed with supporting materials.

18. The Principles of Good Form: 2. Balance Balance means that all the major parts of your speech-the intro, body, and conclusion-receive the right amount of attention. Rules: 1. The body should be the longest part. 2. The intro and conclusion should be just about equal in length.

19. The Principles of Good Form: 3. Order The parts of your speech should satisfy your listeners’ need for order. An orderly speech follows a consistent pattern of development. Don’t jump around with ideas.