1. Chapter 10 Ions

2. An ion is an atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive or negative charge. cation – ion with a positive charge If a neutral atom loses one or more electrons it becomes a cation. anion – ion with a negative charge If a neutral atom gains one or more electrons it becomes an anion. Na 11 protons 11 electrons Na + 11 protons 10 electrons Cl 17 protons 17 electrons Cl - 17 protons 18 electrons 2.5

3. Why is Na + more stable than Na Na = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1

4. Why is Na + more stable than Na Na = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 Lose 1 e - Na + = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6

5. Why is Na + more stable than Na Na = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 Lose 1 e - Na + = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 This is isoelectronic with Ne

6. Why is Clˉ more stable than Cl Cl = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5

7. Why is Clˉ more stable than Cl Cl = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 Gain 1 e - Clˉ = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6

8. Why is Clˉ more stable than Cl Cl = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 Gain 1 e - Clˉ = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 This is isoelectronic with Ar

9. Determine the number of protons and electrons for each ion and state what noble gas each is isoelectronic with. Mg 12 protons 12 electrons Mg 2+ ___ protons ___ electrons ___ isoelectronic O 8 protons 8 electrons O 2- ___ protons ___ electrons ___ isoelectronic

10. Ionic bonding: Li + O 1e - [ O ] 2– [Li] 2 + 6e - 2e - 8n 0 8p + 1e - 3p + 4n 0 2e - 1e - 3p + 4n 0 2e - 1e - 8e - 2e - 8n 0 8p + 3p + 4n 0 2e - 3p + 4n 0 2e - Why is lithium oxide Li 2 O O Li