1. Semi-periphery of Europe: the Islamic World Economic Geography I. International Business bachelor study programme (BA) Spring term 2015/2016. CUB Centre of Economic Geography and Futures Studies dr. Jeney László Senior lecturer jeney@elte.hu

2. 22 Concept and delimitation of Islamic World Arab World < Islam World < Islam countries < Islam communities Arab World < Islam World < Islam countries < Islam communities Area: 25 mn km 2 (17%)  WR1 Area: 25 mn km 2 (17%)  WR1 Population: 850 mn (12%) Population: 850 mn (12%) Subregions: Subregions: –Northern Africa Maghreb + Sahara Maghreb + Sahara –Near East Arab peninsula Arab peninsula Fertile Crescent Fertile Crescent Anatolia Anatolia Central Asia Central Asia –Iranian territories

3. 33 The only one cultural world region on two continents

4. 44 Main features of Islam religion 5 pillars of Islam: 5 pillars of Islam: –Testimony (Shahadah) –Prayer (Ṣalāt) –Alms-giving (Zakat) –Fasting (Sawm of Ramadan) –Pilgrimage to Mecca (ḥajj) –(+ Jihad?) Islamic schools and branches Islamic schools and branches –Sunni Islam (87–90%): more general – importance of the Written Sunnah in theological questions –Shia Islam (10–13%): Iran, SE Iraq – importance of religious leader (imam) –Kharijites (Ibadi) : Oman – predominance of religion against the secular arm

5. 55 Economy in the Islamic World Arid climate + conquests  no success based on agriculture  minor role of agriculture Arid climate + conquests  no success based on agriculture  minor role of agriculture –Plants: Mediterranean coast + oasis in desert + along the rivers (Nile, Tiger, Euphrates) –Animals: nomadic economy (sheep, goat), religious restraint of pig Traditional commerce Traditional commerce Lack of industry Lack of industry –Early industrialization  diversified industrial structure only in Turkey (from 1930s) and Egypt (from 1950s with Soviet help ) Egypt: Canal of Suez Egypt: Canal of Suez Money from guest workers: 6–7 Bn $ (typical banking system) Money from guest workers: 6–7 Bn $ (typical banking system) Tourism: Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Turkey (Libya?) Tourism: Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Turkey (Libya?)

6. 66 Oil and Natural Gas Resources Oil and gas industry of Libya Oil and gas industry of Libya – –Early 1960s: discovery of new oil deposits – –Export of Libya: crude oil 70% + raffinates products 15% Huge oil and gas production: W36% Huge oil and gas production: W36% Natural gas production W19%, natural gas reserves 45% Natural gas production W19%, natural gas reserves 45% Not all the countries major producers: Not all the countries major producers: –Morocco, Turkey, Israel, Jordan: produce no oil –Tunisia, Sudan, Syria, Yemen: modest amount –Oil importing countries  high prices  debt Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: OPEC

7. 77 Estimated Proven Reserves of Oil Common share: 65.3 % of world reserves Common share: 65.3 % of world reserves –Largest share: Saudi Arabia: 20% Largest countries: OPEC member states Largest countries: OPEC member states –OPEC members: not only countries from the Islamic World (Venezuela, Nigeria, Angola, Ecuador)