1. Audience Analysis

2.  One-sided—presents only the writer’s position on the issue without responding to the opposition  Multi-sided—presents the writer’s position, but also summarizes and responds to possible objections and alternative views.  Dialogic—has a much stronger component of inquiry where the writer presents himself as uncertain of his opinion. The writer’s purpose is to seek common ground and propose a solution acceptable to both sides. Types of Arguments

3.  One-sided and multi-sided arguments are often adversarial in nature because the author sees the alternative views as flawed or wrong and supports his own claim with a strong persuasive intent. More on Arguments

4.  Audience—the intended or potential reader of your text/essay.  A writer must adapt his writing to meet the needs, interests, and background of the readers/listeners Definition

5.  Background knowledge  Experience  Training  Needs and interests Things to consider…..

6.  Look for resistance in your audience and the underlying cause of that resistance. Determine Your Audience’s Resistance to Your Views

7.  One Sided Argument  Purpose is to add a new or different point of view  Used to stir the passions of supporters Supportive Audience

8.  If your audience is neutral, then they will distrust a one-sided argument because they tend to caricature other views  Do not oversimplify or distort opposing arguments Neutral or Undecided Audience

9.  Reduce the level of resistance by inviting dialogue.  Delayed-thesis argument—wait until the end to reveal your thesis Resistant Audience

10.  What is the size of your audience?  What personal and professional traits do you have in common with your audience?  Will your audience expect to be entertained as well as informed?  How much knowledge or expertise does your audience already possess?  What preconceptions or biases will the audience hold regarding your subject? Questions to Consider when Defining your Audience

11.  Will your audience have a favorable, unfavorable, or neutral attitude toward your subject?  How much background information will your audience need to follow your line of reasoning?  What key objections will your audience likely raise? More questions….

12.  After summarizing the oppositions views, you can either refute them (show how they are flawed).  Attempt to convince that the argument is logically flawed  Inadequately supported  Based on erroneous assumptions Refuting the Opposition