1. Western Europe Chapter 10

2. Objectives Students will understand that the landmass of Eurasia includes the continents of Europe and Asia The climate of Western Europe is primarily temperate, although some areas are near the Arctic Circle Western Europeans are urban dwellers

3. Physical Features The peninsula of Europe is attached to Asia A peninsula is land almost surrounded by water but still attached to the main land Geographers call the land made of Europe and Asia Eurasia

4. Physical Features Europe is covered by plains, uplands, and mountains The North European Plain stretches from the Atlantic to the Ural Mountains

5. Physical Features Most of northern Europe in on the Scandinavian Peninsula The Central Uplands is in the center of Europe and is made of mountains and plateaus The Alps stretch from France to Eastern Europe Glaciers flow out of the Alps Glaciers are slow moving masses of ice and snow

6. Physical Features South of the Central Uplands is the warmer Mediterranean countries This land is made of mountainous peninsulas and narrow plains Active volcanoes can be found in Greece, Italy, and Iceland

7. Climate and Ecosystems Western Europe has a mild climate because of the mild Atlantic air Most of Western Europe is in the temperate zone Land by the Mediterranean Sea has wet winters and dry summers

8. Climate and Ecosystems In ancient times most of Western Europe was covered by forests One of north central’s natural resources is loess Loess is rich soil made of fine sediment deposited by glaciers and spread by wind

9. Climate and Ecosystems Northern Scandinavia has a Arctic climate with few trees The Arctic tundra is a plant community made up of grasses, mosses, herbs, and low shrubs It’s too cold for trees to grow here The taiga, a thick forest of coniferous trees,lies south of the tundra

10. Climate and Ecosystems Mediterranean vegetation is a mix of small trees, forests, shrubs, and grasses.

11. A Diverse Continent The nations of Western Europe have a high standard of living Almost all can read and write They speak many different languages ½ speak English and their native language or dialect

12. A Diverse Continent When European Union (EU) leaders meet to discuss economics and energy policies they use English The EU has 27 member nations and 23 official languages

13. A Diverse Continent For more than 2,000 years Christianity has been the main religion There is also a large Jewish population

14. Where People Live and Work Most of the people in Western Europe live within 100 miles of the coast Being close to the water allows better access to trade The Danube and Rhine Rivers are the main rivers for transportation

15. Where People Live and Work In northern and Arctic Europe people live near the water for a milder climate Population is more evenly spaced in Southern and Central Europe

16. Where People Live and Work Western Europe has experienced air and water pollution Pollution is a harmful material released into the environment Pollution often leads to acid rain Acid rain has ruined historic buildings, bridges, cathedrals, monuments, forests, and freshwater

17. Where People Live and Work Chemical Spills Water pollution can be a result of chemical spills A chemical spill is an accidental release of toxic or dangerous material

18. The Urban Continent Europe is nicknamed the “urban continent” because many people work and live in urban areas An urban area include a city and surrounding areas Countries try to preserve land in order to have farmland, so most live in apartment buildings

19. The Urban Continent Most people use trains, subways, trolleys, and buses to get to work, school, and other cities The government encourages use of public transportation by setting high prices on fuel

20. Northwest Europe Today Section 2 The United Kingdom and Ireland The United Kingdom is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Island Great Britain is the largest island in the British Isles

21. British Government In 1215 the Magna Carta limited the power of kings and gave more rights to the people Today the British government is a constitutional monarchy In a constitutional monarchy the monarch is a ceremonial leader and Parliament makes the laws

22. British Government Parliament is located in London, England The Parliament is made of two houses: House of Commons and House of Lords Prime Minister is the head of the majority in the house of commons

23. British Parliament Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland have their own parliament to make laws in their regions English is the official language in the United Kingdom Welsh, Irish, and Scottish Gaelic is also spoken in the UK

24. Prosperity and Partnership Britain and Ireland both have a high standard of living and strong economies Today Britain makes money through banking, high- technology, and service industries

25. Prosperity and Partnership Britain and Ireland are part of the European Union The European Union is an organization that promotes free movement of goods and people across borders There are no tariffs or taxes on traded goods EU nations use the euro for money (except for Britain)

26. A Tourist Destination Britain is the world’s sixth most visited travel spot Many visit because of their heritage and historical sites

27. The Scandinavian Countries Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden make up Scandinavia Cradle to the Grave Benefits Sweden, Denmark, and Norway are constitutional monarchies Finland is a democratic republic with a president Norway is the only Scandinavian country not in the EU

28. The Scandinavian Countries Cradle to the grave system is a system of basic services for citizen in every stage of life ▫Healthcare, education, retirement Paid for through taxes (almost 60% of income)

29. Fish, Forests, and Phones In the past Scandinavian countries depended in farming Agriculture and dairy farming is still important in Denmark Today these countries rely on multinational corporations, high-tech industries, and exports (Finland leader in cell phones)

30. Fish, Forests, and Phones Scandinavia has a long coastline which is good for fishing and lumber Life in Northwestern Europe People have access to Internet, cell phones, and tv making life more fast paced

31. Life in Northwestern Europe Finland uses more than 3% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for technology research and development GDP is to total value of all good and services sold in a country in a year

32. Living in Cities Most people live in the large capital cities There are many ethnic groups due to immigrant populations Immigrant have to learn new languages and sometimes their religions conflict with local customs ex Muslims in Norway

33. Living in Cities Immigrants take part in cultural borrowing which is an exchange that takes place when groups come in contact and share ideas, languages, customs, and food

34. West Central Europe Today Section 3 West Central Europe includes Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.