2. Unit 15 A Drink in the Passage

3. Questions 1.What’s the meaning of the word “passage” here? 2.Why did they have a drink in the passage? 3.Who do you think Majosi and Sola were? Why did they strongly advise Simelane to get the prize personally? （ para. 4) 4.How to understand “I’m a sculptor, not a demonstrator”? （ para. 4) 5.How Simelane met van Rensburg, a white man?

4. What information can you get from the picture?

5. Alan Paton Alan Stewart Paton (11 January 1903 – 12 April 1988) was a South African author and anti-apartheid activist. He was born in Pietermaritzburg, Natal Province ( 纳塔尔省）, the son of a minor civil servant. After attending Maritzburg College, he earned a Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Natal in his hometown, followed by a diploma in education. Alan Paton

6. Cry, the Beloved Country 《哭泣的大地》 was published in February of 1948. The publication of this novel, which was a great success, allowed Paton to resign as principal of the reformatory to devote himself fully to his writing.

7. Directed by Darrell Roodt 达雷尔. 鲁德 1995

8. His second novel, Too Late the Pharalope, was published in 1953.

9. South Africa under apartheid South Africa was colonized by the English and Dutch in the seventeenth century. The discovery of diamonds in these lands around 1900 resulted in an English invasion which sparked the Boer War. （波尔战争） Initially, aim of the apartheid was to maintain white domination while extending racial separation. White Black Colored Asian

10. Homeland system The key building blocks to enforcement of racial segregation were: the arrangement of the population into African, coloured, Indian and white racial groups; strict racial segregation in the urban areas; restricted African urbanization; a tightly-controlled and more restricted system of migrant labour; a stronger accent on tribalism and orthodoxy in African administration than in the past; and a drastic strengthening of security legislation and control. A rural area in Ciskei, one of the apartheid era "homelands"Ciskeihomelands

11. The Republic of South Africa

12. Government Type: Parliamentary democracy. Independence: The Union of South Africa was created on May 31, 1910; became a sovereign state （主权国） within British Empire in 1934; became a republic on May 31, 1961; left the Commonwealth in October 1968; rejoined the Commonwealth in June 1994. Constitution: entered into force February 3, 1997.

13. Pretoria

14. Cape Town 立法首都

15. Bloemfontein 司法首都布隆方丹

16. Johannesburg

17. protea cynaroides

19. mascot Zakumi

20. 德班大球场 Durban Stadium Soccer City Stadium (Johannesburg)

21. Golden Jubilee 50 周年纪念 Silver jubilee 25 周年纪念 Diamond jubilee 第 60 或 75 周年纪念

22. the 1 st year Paper wedding the 2 nd year Cotton wedding the 3 rd year Leather wedding the 4 th year Silk wedding the 5 th year Wood wedding the 6 th year Iron or Sugar Candy wedding the 7 th year Copper wedding the 8 th year Pottery wedding the 9 th year Willow wedding the 10 th year Tin wedding

23. –wide :extending or effective throughout a specified area or region: 广泛的：特定地区或区域内的，或在此范围内有效的： nationwide 全国性的 worldwide 全世界的 countrywide 全国的 citywide 全市的 statewide 全州的

24. Examples - His downfall was a great sensation of the day. - His speech produced a great sensation in the audience. - The new opera did not cause the sensation that had been expected. sensation n. great interest or excitement. Sensational

25. n. a. the part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrong Examples: He was a man of strong social conscience, who actively campaigned against poverty in all its forms. Well, at least I can face them all with a clear conscience (=when you know that you have done nothing wrong). conscience (1) Conscientious (a.)

26. Examples: Ian felt a pang of conscience at having misjudged her. They have no conscience at all about cheating. (=not feel guilty about cheating) n. b. a guilty feeling that you have about something bad you have done Synonyms guilt remorse shame conscience (2) 内疚感

27. Examples: Male prisoners were strictly segregated from the females. Schools should not segregate children with disabilities. Blacks were segregated from whites in schools. v. a. to separate one group of people from others, especially because they are of a different race, sex, or religion (oppo.) integrate Synonyms separate keep sb. apart isolate cut sb. off from keep… in quarantine apartheid (=segregation) segregate (1) To be continued on the next page.

28. Examples: The coffee room had been segregated into smoking and non-smoking areas. They too were segregated into wagons for families and those for single men. v. b. to separate one part of a place or thing from another Word formations segregated (a.) segregation (n.) segregate (2)

29. Examples: The public outcry against the executions made little difference. There was a widespread outcry over the increase in fuel tax. n. an angry protest by a lot of ordinary people Synonyms complaint protest grievance gripe outcry

30. renounce Examples He renounced his claim to the property. 他放弃了对财产的要求。 He renounced his religion and became a Muslim. 他宣布脱离他原来的宗教而成为了一名穆斯林。

31. Avert Examples: I wish I had power, just power enough to avert my eyes from her. Henry averted his eyes as she undressed. I averted my gaze and felt uncomfortable. Synonyms: prevent Stop Avoid head off to look away from something so that you do not see it 幸运的是，飞行员及时看到了另一架飞机，因此很险的避 免了一场灾难。 Luckily the pilot saw the other plane in time, and a disaster was narrowly averted.

32. to be well enough to; to be capable of, to feel up to Examples: I don’t feel up to the task. She is not up to it because she is not experienced. I don't feel up to any more work today. I don't feel up to such a long journey. He meant that he was going to pretend that he was sick and therefore could not go to the ceremony. He knew that that narrator would understand that it was only and excuse.

33. Majosi and Sola and the others were obviously well-known anti-apartheit activists. They wanted him to go to the ceremony for political reasons. But his response was that he was only a sculptor and he was not interested in politics, he did not want to make it a political issue.

34. Brandy is an expensive drink that was usually consumed by white people in Apartheid South Africa. They would use a brandy glass and sip slowly. When a black person like Simelane every got a chance to drink brandy, he would drink it quickly for fear that he might be seen and arrested by the police for breaking the liquor law. So they have to finish it quickly in one gulp, as a result their throats have become very tough. ( metaphor: a strong throat)

35. A wine is a complement to a good meal. 美食加美酒才算完备。 This wine complements the food perfectly. 用这种酒配这种菜肴最妙不过了 She gave a coy smile when he paid her a compliment. 他恭维她时，她忸怩作态地笑了笑。 He complimented her on her new dress without even looking at it. 他连看都没看一眼，就称颂她的新衣服。 To improve the quality of life through work, two complementary strategies are necessary. 想通过工作提高生活质量，需要两个相辅相成的策略 He had complimentary tickets to take his wife to see the movie. 他有几张赠票，可以带妻子去看电影。 complement, compliment, complementary, complimentary,

36. Culture notes Herald office: obviously the sculptor works in Johannesburg for a newspaper, but lives in the township of Orlando. According to apartheid laws, blacks could not remain in the big cities after a certain hour at night. Orlando must be small town where blacks live.

37. out of the corner of one’s eye (idom) to see sth not very clearly because one sees it form the side of his eye and not looking straight at it Examples: -He was watching the door out of the corner of his eye while reading. -Out of the corner of her eye, she saw someone coming toward the house.

38. - He was lost in the contemplation of the landscape for a while. 有一会儿，他怔怔地注视着周围的景物。 - The old man were lost in the contemplation of childhood photos. -That night he lay in bed in contemplation of the meaning of life. in the contemplation of: in the act of looking at sth in a calm and careful way in contemplation of: thinking deeply about sth

39. confidential 1. spoken or written in secret and intended to be kept secret （机密的） 2. say sth quietly because what you are saying is secret or private. ( 悄悄的） Examples: The information we received is of a highly confidential nature and relates to national security. We hold confidential records on each employee.

40. keep abreast of a subject: you know all the most recent facts about it. - He will be keeping abreast of the news. 他将时刻关注最新消息。 - We'll keep you abreast of developments. 我们会随时告知你最新进展。

41. v. a. to stop someone from doing what they want to do b. to limit sth/sb’s development or force them to behave in a particular way Examples: Financial factors should not constrain doctors from prescribing the best treatment for patients. Women’s employment opportunities are often severely constrained by family commitments. He felt constrained to accept the invitation. constrain You feel you must have do sth, even if you prefer not to

42. suspension bridge 3. This perhaps the longest and most beautiful suspension bridge ever built. It is the envy of the world. 5. Many countries envy us for our success in averting a serious economic recession.

43. not for all the money in the world not for the world not for all the world. not for love or money never, not in any situation -She wouldn’t leave her children for the world. -Not for all the world would I hurt a friend like Ann.

44. Examples: - Mr. Jones was driving too fast on the expressway when a police patrol car appeared out of nowhere and stopped him. - A stone came from nowhere and hit him on he head out of/from nowhere Happening or appearing suddenly and without warning

45. Conclusion on the text The two main characters in the story were in a way rather untypical. The black man was not a poor miserable laborer. He was actually well educated and was a talented sculptor. And the white man was not a cruel master or vicious racist. On the contrary, he was poor, had been denied a good education, and was strongly against apartheid. But this did not change the fact that they were both conscious of the barrier between them although both resented the situation.

46. Throughout the story one can see that the two sides are both anxious to reach out to each other, but they do not know how. obviously there exists an invisible wall between them which hampers their free communication and full understanding, not just a wall imposed by apartheid laws, but a wall deep in their hearts. Conclusion on the text

47. 1) Import of that country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare. 2) During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway. 3) It was a serious offence to take drugs. Robert was suspended from school for two weeks. 4) She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches. 5) The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses. 6) This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia. 7) The author is very good at creating suspense. 8) He used to watch with great envy children of wealthy people go to school. 9) I rather envy their school for its beautiful campus. 10) She averted her face so that people would not see her blush. 11) He has always had an aversion to publicity. 12) The government's policy succeeded in averting a serious economic recession. Translation

48. 13) Michael Jordan is the envy of many black kids. 14) Every summer, hundreds of thousands of people are sent to guard the riverbanks against floods. 15) It was not easy to get the golden apple, for it was guarded by a ferocious giant. 16) Xicheng was practically unguarded so Zhuge Liang narrowly escaped being captured. 17) The prisoners of war killed the guards and escaped into the woods. 18) He is probably the greatest guard in the history of basketball. 19) They took the Americans off guard by launching a sudden attack on a Sunday. 20) There were two armed soldiers standing guard at the bridge. 21) Napoleon exhibited (his) military talent early in life. 22) These exhibits are all insured and carefully guarded. 23) When the exhibition is over, the exhibits will be given to the host country as gifts. 24) She is going to exhibit some of her most recent sculptures at the National Art Gallery.