1. How to Develop Landfill Gas CDM Projects with Local Municipal Authorities? Kok Kee Chow, Managing Director, Sustainable Technology Resource Centre STREC Sdn. Bhd. Malaysia.

2. Contents Landfill gas recovery – a CDM activity Current status of landfill CDM projects Issues related landfills Malaysian’s experience

3. Landfill Methane Recovery ACM0001 “Consolidated baseline methodology for landfill gas project activities” a) The captured gas is flared; or b) The captured gas is used to produce energy (e.g. electricity/thermal energy), but no emission reductions are claimed for displacing or avoiding energy from other sources. c) The captured gas is used to produce energy (e.g. electricity/thermal energy), and emission reductions are claimed for displacing or avoiding energy generation from other sources.

4. At the end of January 2007 44 landfill-related CDM projects registered Brazil 11Argentina 5 China 3 5 projects requesting registration 62 projects under validation A total of 111 landfill gas projects

5. Among those projects under the validation pipelines Brazil 17 China 15 Korea 4 India 2 1.Long-term Sanitary Landfill LFG CDM Project in Daejeon City 2.Sudokwon Landfill Gas Electricity Generation Project (50MW) 3.Daegu Bangcheon-Ri Landfill gas CDM Project 4.Landfill Gas Capture and Power Generation Project in Andong, South Korea

6. Potential of landfill CDM projects in Korea Total number of landfills 306 (1) Number of landfill more that 1 million tons 33 sites (1) Emission of methane is estimated to be 2.78 million tons of CO 2 equivalent (2) Based on a conservative estimate of price, 1 CER= USD 6, total sales of CERs from Korean landfills is estimated to be USD 16.6 millions. (1)“Landfill Gas Projects in South Korea” by Cyung-Ae Ha, KEMCO (2) “Methane Emission from Korean Landfills: Application of Tier 1” by Seungdo Kim, Hallym University

7. Potential barriers Lack of awareness from local authorities and investors Financial constraints Technology barriers Uncertainties of future of Kyoto Protocol What’s next?

8. Not every landfill gas project must generate electricity The purpose of CDM is to meet sustainable development Environmental improvement – overcoming odour and leachate at landfill, better environmental quality Social improvement – new job opportunities Economic improvement – major landuse change at landfill

9. Possible approaches 1.Fully implemented by local authorities 2.Joint venture between local authorities and private investors  sharing of proceeds of CERs and after care costs 3.Fully implemented by private investors There is a need to examine 1.Laws and enactments related to landfill management 2.Business plans under different scenarios- Simple flaring vs electricity generation or fuel

10. CyPark & STREC experiences in Malaysia Currently 3 landfill CDM projects 1 large, 1 medium and 1 small Approach taken – addressing environmental problems at landfill sites since local authorities do not have sufficient fund to deal with leachate treatment, effluent discharge and landfill fires Technology partnership with Gartner & Lee, Canada, one of the largest landfill gas management companies in the world

11. Consultancy for PDD development  3 landfills 1 palm oil waste composting, 1 biogas generation using palm oil waste Landfill technology partnership with Gartner and Lee, Canada CER management  advisories and services on CERs Linkage with NatSource London in the sales of CERs SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY RESOURCE CENTRE

12. chow@strec.com.my