1. Navigation NAU 102 Lesson 13

2. Time Zones And, sometimes, Zulu Time Also, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) ZD 0 – The starting point for world’s time system We must be able to convert between Time Zones

3. Time Zones E.g. When it is 0815 in Vallejo (ZD +8), what time is it GMT? add the ZD to local time. To convert from local time to GMT 0815 + (+8) = 1615 GMT

4. Time Zones E.g. When it is 2230 in ZD +4, what time is it GMT? 2230 + (+4) = 2630 GMT 2630 = 0230 the next day

5. Time Zones E.g. When it is 2230 in ZD -4, what time is it GMT? 2230 + (-4) = 1830 GMT

6. Time Zones E.g. When it is 0230 on 07 Oct in ZD -4, what time is it GMT? 0230 + (-4) = ? 0230 = 2630 on 06 Oct 2630 + (-4)= 2230 on 06 Oct

7. Time Zones E.g. When it is 0815 GMT, what time is it in Vallejo (ZD +8)? subtract the ZD from GMT To convert from GMT to local time 0815 - (+8) = 0015 Local Time

8. Time Zones E.g. When it is 0815 GMT, what time is it in ZD -8? subtract the ZD from GMT To convert from GMT to local time 0815 - (-8) = 1615 Local Time

9. Time Zones E.g. DST in Vallejo (ZD +7) Zones keep the time of the next zone to the east. Daylight Saving Time Usually 2nd Sunday in March to first Sunday in November.

10. Time Zones Daylight Saving Time 2010: 2 nd Sunday in March (14 th) to first Sunday in November (7 th ). Note: some locations don’t keep daylight saving time (AZ, HI). Check Sailing Directions or the Nautical Almanac

11. Estimated Time of Arrival Step 2 – Determine transit time + delays Step 1 – Convert departure time to GMT What date & time will I get to my destination? Step 3 – Add transit time to GMT of departure Step 4 – Convert arrival GMT to local time

12. Estimated Time of Arrival E.g. You are on a voyage from San Diego to New York. The distance is 4860 nm. Your speed is 15 kts. You estimate a delay of 18 hours for bunkering & 14 hours for the Panama canal transit. If you depart at 0836 (ZD +7) on 04 July, what is your ETA at New York (ZD +4)?

13. Estimated Time of Arrival ETD San Diego 4 July 0836 ZD+7 ETD GMT4 July1536 GMT Step 1 – Convert departure time to GMT

14. Estimated Time of Arrival Step 2 – Determine transit time + delays Transit Time = Distance/Speed =4860 nm/15 kts. =324 hours 324 hours / 24 hours per day = 13.5 days 13.5 days = 13 days + (.5 days x 24 hours/day) Transit Time = 13 days 12 hours

15. Estimated Time of Arrival Transit Time13 days12 hours Bunkering18 hours Panama Canal +14 hours Total13 days44 hours Step 2 – Determine transit time + delays Voyage Time 14 days20 hours -24 hours

16. Estimated Time of Arrival Step 3 – Add transit time to GMT of departure ETD GMT 4 July 1536 Voyage time14 days20 hours ETA GMT18 July3536 GMT -24 hours ETA GMT 19 July1136 GMT

17. Estimated Time of Arrival Step 4 – Convert arrival GMT to local time ETA GMT19 July 1136 ZD -(+4) ETA NY19 July0736

18. Estimated Time of Arrival At 0915 zone time, on 7 November 1981, you depart Seattle, LAT 47°36.0'N, LONG 122°22.0'W (ZD +8). You are bound for Kobe, LAT 34°40.0'N, LONG 135°12.0'E, and you estimate your speed of advance at 18.5 knots. The distance is 4,527 miles. What is your estimated zone time of arrival at Kobe?

19. Introduction to Navigation Questions?