1. Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010 LI 2 FE - Laboratorio Integrato Interdisciplinare con Fotoni ed Elettroni Luca Serafini - INFN/MI on behalf of LI 2 FE Collaboration Board LI 2 FE based upon two Pillars: SPARC Photo-injector/Undulator/Beam-lines FLAME laser/Beam-lines associated advanced instrumentation, PEOPLE EXPERTISE! LI 2 FE constitutes: a multi-disciplinary integrated research infrastructure based on a twin system of fs-class synchronized high brightness e - beams and high intensity laser beams => overcome the barrier [ fsec - Angstrom - TV/m ]

2. Now the Two Pillars of LI 2 FE are successfully working, independently We must make them work together! LI 2 FE collaboration was set primarily to stimulate and coordinate this task

3. High Brightness Electron Beams (ps to fs bunch length) High Intensity Laser Beams (20-100 fs pulses) SPARC (Sorgente Pulsata e Amplificata di Radiazione Coerente) and PLASMONX (PLasma Acceleration @ Sparc & MONochromatic X-rays) Unique worldwide at these level of combined beam performance Synchronized to fs level Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010

4. The Laser Pulse Intensity Chart FLAME @ INFN-LNF FLAME will mark soon a record in light intensity Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010

5. SASE-FELs will allow an unprecedented upgrade in Source Brilliance Covering from the VUV to the 1 Å X-ray spectral range: new Research Frontiers SPARX TTF 12.41.240.124 (nm) Thomson Source @ LNF Compact Thomson Sources extend SR to hard X-ray range allowing Advanced Radiological Imaging inside Hospitals Brilliance of X-ray radiation sources FLAME Beam param. invariant under linear optics

6.  n [  m] 10 13 10 14 10 15 10 16 10 17 I [kA] 10 18 AOFEL SPARX SPARC X-ray FEL @ 1 pC The Electron Beam Brightness Chart [A/(m. rad) 2 ] Self-Inj Ext-Inj LCLS Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010 Laminar velocity bunchingnormal velocity bunching

7. Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010 Development of a wide inter-disciplinary research program, combining high brightness high rapidity electron beams (drive plasmas at 7.10 19 cm -3 => TV/m) with high intensity ultra-short laser pulses (4.10 18 cm -3 => 250 GV/m), leading in turns to production of a variety of advanced beams of FEL/THz radiation, advanced beams of X/  rays (thanks to a photon- electron collider at 10 35 cm -2 s -1 luminosity), protons/light ions, and potentials for polarized positrons and neutrons of unique characteristics. LI 2 FE: the Scientific Program Common Denominator: High Phase Space Density

8. Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010 LI 2 FE Projects and Experiments (co)funded by INFN SPARC - INFN Special Project (cofund. by MIUR, CNR, ENEA) M. Ferrario (see next talk & SPARC-FEL by L. Giannessi ) PLASMONX - Nuove Tecniche Accelerazione - D. Giulietti (morning session, see next session for External Injection by L.S.) SPARX - MIUR, Reg. Lazio, ENEA, CNR, Univ. Tor Vergata L. Palumbo (see next session) BEATS2 - Commissione Scientifica Naz. V – M. Gambaccini LILIA - Nuove Tecniche Accelerazione – C. De Martinis TERASPARC - Commissione Scientifica Naz. V – S. Lupi COMB – Nuove Tecniche Accelerazione - M. Ferrario (see next talk )

9. S-band Gun Velocity Bunching Long Solenoids Diagnostic and Matching Seeding THz Source 150 MeV S-band linac Undulators u = 2.8 cm K max = 2.2 r = 500 nm 15 m Beam energy 155–200 MeV Bunch charge 1 nC Rep. rate 10 Hz Peak current 100 A  n 2 mm-mrad  n (slice) 1 mm-mrad   0.2% Bunch length (FWHM) 10 ps TERASPARC: Terahertz Radiation through the Free-Electron Laser

10. Characterization of the SPARC Coherent Transition Radiation THz Source

11. Performances Achieved Data vs Simulation E. Chiadroni et al, Unpublished Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010

12. Future Activity:2011 Spectral measurement 1.Frequency Domain: Martin-Pupplet Interferometer; 2.Time Domain: Averaged Electro-Optic Sampling (EOS) Single Shot EOS Coupling with the external photocathode laser Pump-Probe Experiments 1)THz-Pump THz-Probe experiments: Life Time of Quantum Wells in Si/SiGe (Roma III); 2) Multiple Colors Experiments Coupling with the FEL laser Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010

13. Schematic layout of electron beam lines for FEL, Plasma Acceleration and Thomson Source experiments Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010

14. Raggi X Thomson Source Interaction Chamber Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010 Side view Map view

15. Thomson Source Interaction Region Scattering Chamber X-ray beam Deflected e - beam (h  X =4 (h  laser ( T/ 0.511) 2 Laser beam (h  laser = 1.2 eV T =30.28 MeV (h  X = 20 keV for mammography Laser pulse: 6 ps, 5 J e - bunch: 1 nC, l2  m (rms) X-ray: 10 ps, 10 9 photons per shot  emission: 12 mrad

16. Start-to-end simulations including errors and misalignments for X–ray spectra and intensity distributions Energy spectrum for various angular acceptances Intensity distrib. on laser parabolic mirror (black circle = mirror hole) Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010

18. X-ray characterization system pin diode detector monitor chamber collimators and filter holders

19. Acquisition of beam transport lines (magnets and related hardware, mirrors, diagnostics, etc) is ongoing We expect to install all hardware inside SPARC bunker by july 2011 Starting of Thomson Source commissioning in september 2011

20. LILIA (Laser Induced Light Ions Acceleration) LILIA aims to accelerate protons trough laser interaction with thin targets in order to obtain an useful beam which could be also injected in other accelerating structures. proton beam Laser beam

21. The LILIA experiment In the first experimental phase, which will take place in the second half of 2011 we will focus on two aspects: 1. a parametric study of the correlation of the maximum TNSA accelerated proton energy, with respect to the following parameters: Laser pulse intensity (in the range 10 18 – 5x10 19 W/cm 2 ) Laser pulse energy (in the range 0.1-5 J) Laser pulse length (in the range 25 fs- 1ps) Metallic target thickness (in the range 1-100 microns). In such a frame we would like to deeply investigate the experimental scale rules within the possibilities offered by the FLAME facility. 2. We will exploit the possibility to select in energy and focus a relevant part of the protons in order to produce a real proton beam able to be driven for significant distances (50-75 cm) away from the interaction point and which will act as a source for further accelerating structures Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010

22. With max intensity available from FLAME (with adaptive optics) we could reach proton energy in excess of 100 MeV. As of now we are limited to 5x10 19 W/cm 2 and we can foresee a maximum proton energy of 10 MeV FLAME @ INFN-LNF

23. LILIA Diagnostic devices under development Radiochromic films Thomson parabola Silicon diodes arrays

24. Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010 FEL physics and applications Advanced beam physics Laser/Plasma based ion sources Advanced radiation sources and applications Laser/Plasma physics Ultra-high gradient acceleration (plasma, vacuum, IFEL) LI 2 FE: main Research Areas

25. Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010

27. LI 2 FE: Collaboration Board Dimitri Batani - Università Milano Bicocca Maurizio Benfatto - Lab. Naz. Frascati INFN Massimo Carpinelli - Univ. di Sassari Giuseppe Dattoli - ENEA Frascati Giampiero Dipirro - Lab. Naz. Frascati INFN Massimo Ferrario - Lab. Naz. Frascati INFN Santo Gammino - Lab. Naz. del Sud INFN Luca Giannessi - ENEA Frascati Danilo Giulietti - Università di Pisa Leonida Gizzi - ILIL-IPCF, CNR, Pisa Stefano Lupi - Univ. Roma La Sapienza Carlo Mariani - Univ. Roma La Sapienza Luigi Palumbo - Univ. Roma La Sapienza Valerio Rossi Albertini - ISM, CNR, Roma Luca Serafini, chair - INFN Sez. di Milano More Details in: http://www.lnf.infn.it/acceleratori/life/

28. Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010 END OF PRESENTATION

29. Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010 The combined availability of these Beam Sources and related instrumentation, together with advanced expertise in the accelerator/laser/plasma physics and technologies, will lead to unprecedented potentials of research and discoveries at INFN- LNF (multi-institutional effort, INFN, ENEA, CNR, many Univ.) User experiments: application oriented (investigation of matter at functional level) Developer experiments: technique oriented (toward the high energy frontier, propedeutical to investigation of matter at fundamental level) LI 2 FE: the Scientific Program

30. Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010 LI 2 FE beyond the horizon ( an acceleratorist’s vision ) PWFA (particle wakefield acceleration) using hyper-short SPARC electron bunches (1pC, sub-fs) to drive plasma waves up to TV/m accelerating fields (beating the high energy frontier)

31. Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010 Unprecedented results in Application Experiments due to unique beams available needless to say… we need the correct Spirit of sharing Expertise and Instrumentation LI 2 FE Window of Opportunity (5 year span) Crucial Role in advancing new technologies for the High Energy Frontier

32. Joint LI2FE/SPARX Meeting, INFN-LNF, 09/12/2010

33. Schema della camera monitor realizzata nell’ambito dell’esperimento BEATS attualmente in fase di calibrazione presso il laboratorio LARIX di Ferrara. Nello schema è visibile anche la sede per l’istallazione del fotodiodo PIN a grande area ed il sistema porta collimatori per la misura del flusso X

34. Seminario – 17 febbraio 2010 – Univ. della Calabria FEL resonance condition (magnetostatic undulator ) Example : for R =1A, w =2cm, E=7 GeV (electromagnetic undulator ) Example : for R =1A, =0.8  m, E=25MeV laser power laser spot size

35. Seminario – 17 febbraio 2010 – Univ. della Calabria E Physics scenario E-beam rest frame Radiated field, linear pol. General View: Lab frame e- beam Intense Laser Thomson limit (180° ICS) X-ray flux depends on overlapping electrons, laser photons Lorentz boosted radiation forward directed Doppler upshifted, angular redshift Thomson limit valid up to  -rays of 25 MeV (T e <1.25 GeV) with e - recoil < 1% In Thomson Limit the X-ray beam divergence and Spectrum are determined by the electron beam characteristics

36. Seminario – 17 febbraio 2010 – Univ. della Calabria Scattered photons in collision Thomson X-section Scattered flux Luminosity as in HEP collisions –Many photons, electrons –Focus tightly –Short laser pulse; <few psec (depth of focus) Scattered flux Luminosity as in HEP collisions –Many photons, electrons –Focus tightly –Short laser pulse; <few psec (depth of focus)

37. Seminario – 17 febbraio 2010 – Univ. della Calabria e-e- X e-e- X focus envelope Spectral broadening due to ultra-focused beams

38. Seminario – 17 febbraio 2010 – Univ. della Calabria Energy-angular Spectral distribution For an e-bunch the energy spread of the collected photons depends on –Collecting angle  M –Bunch energy spread –Transverse emittance Overlap Full treatement of linear and nonlinear TS for a plane-wave laser pulse with analytical expression of the distributions as well as several approximate expressions in P. Tomassini et al., Appl. Phys. B 80, 419 (2005).

39. Seminario – 17 febbraio 2010 – Univ. della Calabria Angular and spectral distribution of the TS radiation in the case of 3 ps laser pulse (12.5 µm beam waist) Linear Thomson Scattering