1. Unit 11 – Healthy Relationships and Sexuality Table of contents— Female reproductive system

2. Lesson 2 Objectives: Identify the structures of the female reproductive system. Summarize the typical menstrual cycle. Describe six problems of the female reproductive system. Describe four ways to prevent common female reproductive problems.

3. What two body systems are different in males and females?  Reproductive systems  Endocrine systems

4. What is reproduction?  It is the process by which living organisms produce others of their own kind.  It is the main function of the human sex organs.  The sex organs are known as the reproductive system.

5. When can a female become pregnant?  A female can become pregnant once she has reached puberty.  How does a female know that she has reached puberty?  She has started having periods.

6. The Female Body  The Ovaries The ova, or eggs, are stored in organs called ovaries. The ovaries also make most of the primary female sex hormone, estrogen.  Ova – Ovum - Eggs– is the reproductive cell (female sex cell), that joins with a sperm cell resulting in pregnancy.  Path from Ovaries to Uterus An ovum travels from an ovary to the uterus through a fallopian tube.

7. Path of ovum through the female reproductive system:

8. What is the purpose of the female reproductive system?  To store female sex cells (ovum).  To provide a place for the fertilized egg to grow into a baby.  To give birth to the baby.

9. Ovulation  What Is Ovulation? Beginning at puberty, one of the ovaries releases a mature ovum every month in a process called ovulation.  FSH Hormone An ovary contains ova at various stages of development. When a hormone called FSH is released each month, some of the developing ova are at the right stage to finish maturing.

10. What is menstruation? The monthly breakdown and shedding of the endometrium is called menstruation. What is the Menstrual Cycle? The menstrual cycle is when ovulation and menstruation happen in a cycle that lasts about 28 days. What is fertilization? Is the joining of a male sex cell (sperm) and a female sex cell (ovum) to form a fertilized egg.

11. The Menstrual Cycle Days 1-5: The lining of the uterus is shed. Blood and tissue leave the body through the vagina. Days 1-13: An ovum matures in the ovary. Day 14: Ovulation—an ovum is released from the ovary. Days 15-28: The ovum travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus. If the ovum is not fertilized, the cycle will begin again at Day 1.

12. What happens if the ova is fertilized?  If fertilization occurs the fertilized egg implants into the endometrium.  Why the endometrium?  The endometrium begins to provide nutrients to the embryo, the newly formed organism during its first two months of life.

13. Common Reproductive Problems  Puberty and Stress Most healthy young women do not have any significant problems with their reproductive system. But the changes in the female reproductive system at puberty can cause young women a great deal of stress and cause their periods to become irregular.

15. Caring for the Female Body Protect Your Health Women and girls can protect themselves from reproductive health problems in the following ways: 1. Bathe every day. 2. See a doctor regularly. 3. Abstain from sex before marriage. 4. Maintain good hygiene during menstrual periods.

16. Homework: Answer the following questions on your notes. Health book pages 538-544