1. Clinton’s World

2. January 17, 1991—After UN deadline passed, Bush launched air war against Iraq (“Desert Storm”)

3. February 1991—Coalition launched ground war against Iraqi forces

4. Iraqi forces quickly capitulated

5. Casualties of war

7. In wake of victory, Bush’s approval rating shot up to 89 percent

8. March 1991—Two separate Iraqi rebellions, by Shia in south and Kurds in north, broke out

9. Saddam crushed both rebellions, creating huge refugee crisis

10. US military declared “no-fly” zones in northern and southern Iraq, creating safe havens for Kurds and Shia, respectively

11. Saddam Hussein remained in power in Baghdad

12. Meaning of Panama invasion and first Gulf War

14. “We Are the World,” 1985 USA for Africa

15. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991

16. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 There comes a time when the Iron Curtain falls And the whole wide world is quite overjoyed

17. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 When we’ve got no enemies

18. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 When we’ve got no enemies Afghans

19. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 When we’ve got no enemies Afghans or Vietnamese

20. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 Some guy appears to fill the void

21. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 We can’t deny we let small countries buy Lots of nasty things that we can’t discuss

22. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 We help madmen like Saddam Build missiles and the Bomb Until they aim them back at us

23. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 We help madmen like Saddam Build missiles and the Bomb Until they aim them back at us

24. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 We arm the world, we and the Kremlin We arm a few who in a future day will leave us tremblin’

25. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 If the peace you’re breaking, nobody’s blood will boil But mess with cheap imported oil, we’re after you

26. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 A hundred tinpot despots are deploying Weapons made by Lockheed and by Boeing

27. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 Wanna buy a missile, bud? Check out that Russian Scud We guarantee it’s not a dud

28. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 We arm the world, we and the Kremlin We arm a few who in a future day will leave us tremblin’

29. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 If the peace you’re breaking, nobody’s blood will boil But mess with cheap imported oil, we’re after you

30. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 We arm the world, we and the Kremlin We arm a few who in a future day will leave us tremblin’

31. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 We arm the world, we and the Kremlin We arm a few who in a future day will leave us tremblin’

32. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 If the peace you’re breaking, nobody’s blood will boil But mess with cheap imported oil, we’re after you

33. The Capitol Steps “We Arm the World,” 1991 If the peace you’re breaking, nobody’s blood will boil But mess with cheap imported oil, we’re after you

35. Bill Clinton vs. George H. W. Bush, 1992

36. Clinton’s World

37. Despite widespread expectation that he would focus primarily on domestic affairs, Clinton presided over highly activist foreign policy

38. Late 1992—In response to widespread starvation in Somalia, George H. W. Bush sent US forces to secure supply routes Africa

39. Late 1992—In response to widespread starvation in Somalia, George H. W. Bush sent US forces to secure supply routes US forces escorting relief convoysPresident Bush visiting troops in Somalia, January 1993 Africa

40. Late 1992—In response to widespread starvation in Somalia, George H. W. Bush sent US forces to secure supply routes Africa

41. President-elect Bill Clinton supported Bush’s intervention in Somalia Africa

42. President-elect Bill Clinton supported Bush’s intervention in Somalia Continued troop commitment into his own presidency Africa

43. 1993—Somali warlords aggressively challenged US/UN presence in country Africa

44. Fall 1993—Eighteen US servicemen were killed in firefight with Somali gunmen, prompting Clinton to withdraw US forces from country Africa Angry Somalis dragging body of US serviceman through streets of Mogadishu Black Hawk helicopter

45. Spring 1994—Rwanda was plunged into civil war, pitting Hutus against Tutsis Africa

46. Spring 1994—Rwanda was plunged into civil war, pitting Hutus against Tutsis; Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) vs. Rwandan government Africa

47. Spring 1994—About 800,000 Rwandans, mostly Tutsis,were brutally massacred; genocide spearheaded by Interahamwe (Hutu extremist group) Africa

48. UN failed to act in time to prevent massacres; Clinton administration, gun-shy after Somalia, reinforced inaction Africa

49. Balkans Former Yugoslavia composed of many different groups, e.g. Serbs, Croats, Muslims, ethnic Albanians

50. Balkans Early 1990s—Yugoslavia broke up as Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina declared independence

51. Balkans Serbia, under Slobodan Milosevic, launched wars against breakaway republics to annex portions of their territory

52. Balkans Serbia, under Slobodan Milosevic, launched wars against breakaway republics to annex portions of their territory

53. Balkans Milosevic encouraged Serbs in breakaway republics to engage in “ethnic cleansing”; situation especially dire for Bosnian Muslims

54. Balkans Milosevic encouraged Serbs in breakaway republics to engage in “ethnic cleansing”; situation especially dire for Bosnian Muslims Bosnian Serb militiamen

55. Balkans Clinton initially did little about Bosnia but eventually supported NATO air strikes against Bosnian Serbs

56. Balkans 1995—Clinton invited Milosevic and presidents of Croatia and Bosnia to meet in Dayton, Ohio

57. Balkans Dayton Agreement recognized de facto partition of Bosnia into Serbian republic and Muslim-Croat federation; US stationed troops in Bosnia to help enforce agreement

58. Balkans Late 1990s—Violence erupted in Kosovo, autonomous province of Serbia Kosovo Liberation Army (ethnic Albanians) forcibly resisted Milosevic’s attempts to populate Kosovo with ethnic Serbs

59. Balkans March 1999—NATO (with heavy US involvement) launched bombing campaign against Serbia to force it to respect Kosovo’s autonomy Serbian anti-aircraft fire in Belgrade

60. Balkans NATO bombing provoked massive exodus of Kosovar Albanians

61. Balkans June 1999—Milosevic relinquished control over Kosovo and allowed NATO to occupy it; refugees returned home

62. Middle East Late 1980s-early 1990s— Palestinians in West Bank and Gaza Strip mounted Intifada (uprising) against Israeli occupation

63. Middle East October 1991—Bush I and Gorbachev hosted Middle East peace conference in Madrid; conference resulted in bilateral Israeli-Palestinian talks

64. Middle East Summer 1993—Israeli and PLO officials met secretly in Oslo, Norway, and worked out general formula for resolving dispute

65. Middle East Summer 1993—Israeli and PLO officials met secretly in Oslo, Norway, and worked out general formula for resolving dispute Israel would withdraw from small part of occupied territories, which Palestinians would govern; later negotiation would resolve “final status” of territories

66. Middle East September 1993—Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat sealed agreement with handshake on White House lawn

67. Middle East 1993-2000—ongoing talks, but also sporadic violence, between Israelis and Palestinians Gradual Israeli withdrawal from parts of West Bank and Gaza Strip, but simultaneous increase in population of Jewish settlers in Israeli occupied territories

68. Middle East By 2000 Israel had withdrawn from about 40% of occupied territories and evacuated most Palestinian population areas But Israel continued to populate territories with Jewish settlers against will of Palestinians

69. Middle East Summer 2000—Clinton invited Arafat and Ehud Barak (new Israeli prime minister) to summit meeting at Camp David; parties failed to reach agreement and talks collapsed

70. Israeli proposal Palestinian proposal Solid blue: areas to be annexed by Israel

71. Clinton proposal

72. Second Palestinian Intifada erupted in occupied territories; Israelis and Palestinians turned increasingly toward violence