1. 15.2 Calls for Widespread Education pp. 480-483

2. Objectives: 1.Explain how American reformers changed education. 2.Examine educational opportunities for women and minorities.

3. A. Sectional Differences in Schools (pp. 480-481) 1.New England states required towns to provide schools for their children. 2.Public schools in the North and West seldom had enough money to furnish good education. 3.In the South wealthy planters hired private tutors for their children, but few others had any educational opportunities at all.

4. B. Educational Reform (pp. 481-482) 1.Arguing that voters needed good educations to make sound decisions about the government, educational reformers started the common school movement. 2.However, many people strongly objected to paying taxes for public schools. 3.Spearheading the campaign for common schools was Horace Mann, who argued that taxes were preferable to an uneducated and, consequently, poor population.

5. C. Common Schools in the 1800s (p. 482) 1.In 1837 Mann helped Massachusetts form the first board of education in the nation. 2.He helped raise teachers’ salaries, established statewide educational standards, provided for teacher education, and extended the school year to six months. 3.Books like the popular McGuffey’s Reader focused on both morals and reading skills.

6. D. Education of American Women (pp. 482-483) 1.Girls tended to receive a basic education which focused on morals and manners rather than science and mathematics. 2.Oberlin College in Ohio began admitting women on the college level in 1837. 3.In 1849 Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman in the U.S. to earn a medical degree.

7. E. African American Schooling (p. 483) 1.Few places offered any kind of education to African Americans in the early 1800s. 2.A Quaker woman named Prudence Crandall faced relentless criticism for opening a school for African American girls in Connecticut. 3.Amherst College in Massachusetts and Bowdoin College in Maine produced the first African American college graduates in 1826.

8. F. The Hearing and Visually Impaired (p. 483) 1.Reverend Thomas Gallaudet opened the first free school for the hearing impaired in Hartford, Connecticut. 2.Massachusetts hired Samuel Gridley Howe to organize the Perkins Institute for the Blind in 1831. 3.Howe developed a raised alphabet that enabled the visually impaired to read.

9. Review: 1.Which area of the nation mandated that towns provide schools for their children? 2.Who spearheaded the common schools movement? 3.List some educational reforms that Mann instituted. 4.How did education for women and African Americans change during the early 1800s? 5.Who set a school for the deaf? For the blind?