1. Understanding the use of Drones by Student Clubs Brandon Stark, Director Unmanned Aircraft System Safety Center of Excellence University of California

2. Purpose To advise Office of Student Life Staff on the use of unmanned aircraft systems by student clubs

3. What is a drone? Drone/Unmanned Aircraft – an aircraft operated without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft This includes model aircraft built by student clubs for competitions! Details in a separate presentations

4. Recent News: Cal Fire Eric Wamser, a drone ‘hobbyist’ Posted video of wildfire Arrested for flying near Foresthill, CA wildfire Flying near wildfire can result in $27,500 in civil penalties

5. Don’t Be This Guy Mical Caterina, a ‘good guy helping a friend’ Asked to take some aerial shots of Human Lion Tribute –”Cecil” the lion Wasn’t paid $55,000 dollar fine by the FAA

6. Take drone safety and drone regulations seriously

7. FAA Regulations All unmanned aircraft are aircrafts All model aircraft are unmanned aircraft Model aircraft are determined by the purpose of the flight, not by any other characteristic such as size or autopilot.

8. How to know which rules to fall under? Model Aircraft Recreational – Flown strictly for hobby or recreational use Hobby – Pursuit outside one’s regular occupation engaged in especially for relaxation Recreation – A refreshment of strength and spirits after work, a means of refreshment or diversion Unmanned Aircraft Non-Recreational - Flying for a purpose that is not recreational Includes commercial and research. Selling photos or videos taken from a drone Using a drone to provide contract services Using a drone to provide professional services

9. The blurry line between recreation and non-recreation has been a challenge since the FAA was formed in 1958.

10. Recreational Rules Aircraft over 0.55 lbs must be registered Registration number must appear on the aircraft Must follow community- based safety guidelines Must notify airport and air traffic control tower before flying within 5 miles of an airport- Class B, C, D and E airspace UC template available

11. Recreational Rules Must ALWAYS yield right of way to manned aircraft Must keep the aircraft in sight (visual line-of-sight) Must not fly over people Must not fly recklessly or endanger surrounding people and property

12. Drone organizations There are many organizations that use drones First Person View (FPV) Racing AUVSI AIAA These organizations mainly fly under recreational laws Recreational laws are not limited to these organizations. Drones can be incorporated into different clubs

13. AMA Academy of Model Aeronautics Members of the AMA may follow community based guidelines for drones over FAA rulings Registration Card Issued $75 a year Adult Membership ($15 for a student club)

14. RCO Recreational Setting Flying a drone must be set within club purpose Common examples Photography Club – Using drone to take pictures Videography Club – Using drone to take videos Engineering Club/Organization – Build and Fly drones

15. RCO Commercial Setting Tip: If you can hire someone, it is commercial Commercial Flights require a drone license Examples: Drone recording/photography at RCO event Drone demonstration at paid event Drone recording/photography at RCO recreational activity Drone training and schooling program

16. More Example Flights An organization hosts an event and records the event – commercial An organization flies a drone for fun – recreational Taking a picture of organization members at a club specified party – commercial Taking a picture of organization members hanging out – recreational A club uses a drone for demonstrations at a paid event – commercial A club uses a drone for demonstrations at a free event – recreational Journalism club covers an event and records and takes pictures with a drone – recreational Photography club takes pictures and records an event with a drone and receives compensation – commercial

17. AMA Safety Code Exclusively used for sport, recreation, education, and/or competition See and avoid all aircraft A spotter may be used to fulfill requirement Yield right of way to all human-carrying aircraft Not fly higher than 400 feet Not exceed a takeoff weight of 55 pounds

18. Commercial Rules Must have Remote Pilot Airman Certificate Must keep the aircraft in sight (visual line-of- sight) Must fly under 400 feet Must fly during the day Must fly at or below 100 mph Details in a separate presentations

19. Commercial Rules Must yield right of way to manned aircraft Must NOT fly over people Must NOT fly from a moving vehicle Aircraft must be under 55 lbs. Aircraft must undergo pre-flight inspection Class G Airspace or Class B, C, D, or E Airspace with permission

20. Commercial License Remote Pilot Certificate with SUAS Rating Effective August 29, 2016 sUAS License requires $200 – $150 for test and $50 for vetting Gives license holder the power to operate commercially Nearly 700 testing centers in the US

21. Clubs must follow Campus Policy on Drones For example, any UAS flight on UC Merced must have prior authorization from the Office of Campus and Public Safety Refer organizations to Flight Request form at http://uassafety.ucmerced.edu/form/temporary-uas- flight-requesthttp://uassafety.ucmerced.edu/form/temporary-uas- flight-request

22. UC Merced Policy on Drones Any flight MUST have prior authorization The aspects of operations must be reported Flights must follow FAA laws accordingly All flights must ensure public safety, right to privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties

23. UC Merced Policy on Drones Any accidents or collisions during flight must be reported Each drone that is bought or used by a club or organization must be registered with the Office of Campus and Public Safety and FAA Indoor flights by clubs must have prior approval from Office of Campus and Public Safety

24. Flying Indoors Indoor flying is not regulated by the FAA However, campus policy may apply to indoor flights At UC Merced, prior authorization must be given to flights indoors Indoor flights must no endanger surrounding people or property

25. Insurance for UAS Any UAS flight done on UC property must have the appropriate liability insurance Official UC activities with UC-owned drones are typically automatically covered when registered with the UC Center of Excellence on UAS Safety All others must obtain alternative insurance Including 3 rd party contracts

26. AMA INSURANCE AMA members are covered Personal insurance is primary $2.5m personal liability insurance Only applies when flying under model aircraft guidelines.

27. How do we ensure safety?

28. Safety and Risk Management In every operation ask: What is considered safe? How can we ensure low risk and safety? Must keep track of UAS activity on the campuses

29. UAS Safety Management System Safety Policies Policies establish the organizational hierarchy and responsibilities at each level. They establish oversight requirements and processes to meet safety goals Safety Risk Management Provides a workflow for a formal process to describe the system, identify hazards, assess risk, and control/minimize risk. Safety Assurance Enable the evaluation of the effectiveness of risk management strategies and ensure compliance with other oversight entities, including the FAA, the Center, and OPRM. Safety Promotion Educational outreach on UAS policies and FAA regulations, training on UAS Risk Management and Safety Assurance. Developing a safety culture at all levels of UAS operations. Details in a separate presentations

30. What should I look for? Unregistered or unauthorized flight Is the aircraft within line of sight? Is the aircraft over people? Is the operator flying recklessly or dangerously? Is the flight within an allowed area? Is the flight respecting others privacy?

31. Things That Go Wrong Pilot Error! Too windy Loss of communication Fly-away – Automated system error Loss of GPS Loss of Altitude (IMU failure)

32. Safety Assurance How do you know you are doing a good job? Evaluations on safety and risk assessment Prevent any flights that do not follow UC policy

33. Record Keeping How and where was the flight conducted? Were there any risks? Any damage to property or people? Any complications during flight? Any close calls?

34. What do I do when I see a problem? Ask the operator to land in the safest manner possible Ask the operator for identification, proof of authorization, pilot registration, and aircraft registration

35. What do I do when I see a problem? Do not allow operations to continue if: Operator does not have required documents Operator violates policies or rules Organization or operator may be fined by the FAA or Campus of Public Health and Safety

36. Commercial or Recreational? Club/Organization Dinner DJI Phantom records the event and takes pictures The operator is a club member

37. Commercial or Recreational? A couple of your club friends decide to hang out. More club members invited and hanging out turns into a potluck for the club Someone brings their Parrot Bebop to take pictures

38. Is the flight allowed? Cheat sheet on where your flight applies http://uassafety.ucmerced.edu/cheat-sheet

39. Questions? UC Center of Excellence on UAS Safety Email : uassafety@ucmerced.eduuassafety@ucmerced.edu Phone : (209) 201-2051 Website : http://uassafety.ucmerced.edu/http://uassafety.ucmerced.edu/ Like Us On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UC.UAS.Safety/ https://www.facebook.com/UC.UAS.Safety/