1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Look for me before copying the slide EQ: How were the Netherlands different than other European nations of their time?

2. Key Concept’s 1.2 – The struggle for sovereignty within and among states resulted in varying degrees of political centralization. 1.4 – Europeans explored and settled overseas territories, encountering and interacting with indigenous populations 1.4.3 C – Atlantic nations of Fr., Eng., the Neth. Followed the Spanish and Portuguese by establishing their own colonies and trading networks to compete with Portuguese and Spanish dominance Course Themes INT 1– Assess the relative influence of economic, religious and political motives in promoting exploration and colonization. INT 3 – Analyze how European states established and administered overseas commercial and territorial empires. Interaction of Europe and the World - INT

3. The Netherlands: The “ Low Country ”

4. 17c: The “ Dutch ” Century It was a political model. A Republic A radical attitude towards religion in the country. A certain level of religious toleration. Stable, thriving economy. “Golden Age” of artists and thinkers.  Religion and everyday life were recurring themes in their art.

6. Dutch Society Amsterdam, Rotterdam: granaries with enough surplus for one year. Generally higher salaries than in any other parts of W. Europe.  Even women had higher wages. “Protestant work ethic.”  Thrift and frugality. Had the highest standard of living in Europe!

7. View of Doerdrecht Aelbert Cuyp, 1650s

8. Oude Kerk [Old Church], Amsterdam First built in 1300.

9. Interior of the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam - Emmanuel De Witt

10. Catholic “ Hidden ” Church in the Attic, Amsterdam, 1630s

11. Interior of a Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam – Emmanuel De Witte

12. Portrait of an Old Jewish Man Rembrandt, 1654 Think-Pair-Share What do the images we have just seen suggest about the Netherlands stance on religion?

13. Upper-class Homes, Amsterdam Early 1600s

14. Patrician Houses Along the Canal in Leiden

16. The Dutch Economy Exported diamonds, linens, pottery. Not much inflation. Great Dutch land reclamation project was accelerated during this time. Masters of the “carrying trade” (lowest shipping rates in Europe).

17. Dutch East India Ship, mid-17c Add notes from book about why this company was important, what it did.

18. Return of the Dutch East India Fleet, 1599

19. Amsterdam Stock Market (Bourse) Emmanuel De Witte, 1653 Jewish refugees helped found it in 1602.

20. Sampling Officials of the Drapers Guild – Rembrandt - 1662

21. The Lace Maker Nicolaes Maes

22. The Lace Maker Jan Vermeer, 1669-1670

23. The Account Keeper Nicolaes Maes, 1656

24. A Woman Holding a Balance Jan Vermeer, 1662

25. View of Delft Jan Vermeer, 1660-1661

26. Dutch Delftware English Delftware

27. Dutch West India Company, 1621 Netherland Antilles

28. 18c Delftware Tobacco Jars

29. Fort Orange (Albany, NY) in New Netherlands

30. New Amsterdam (NYC) Settled in 1624. Official Flag of the NYC Seal of the City of NY. Official Flag of the NYC Seal of the City of NY.

31. New Amsterdam (NYC) Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC.

32. Dutch East India Company, 1602

33. “ Africa ” Center Panel Jan van der Heyden, 1664-66

34. The Dutch in Japan, 18c

35. Dutch Ship in Nagasaki Late 18c

37. University of Leiden, 1575 RBy 1645, it was the largest university in the Protestant world. RThe separation of the strong provinces hindered the power of any church to control intellectual life in the Dutch Republic!

38. University of Gr ö ningen, 1614 RAlong with Leiden, they were the first international universities. RHalf of the students were foreigners.

39. Ren é Descartes The French philosopher lived in Leiden from 1628 to 1649.

40. Dutch Optics: The Telescope Most agree that the telescope was invented by Hans Lippershey in 1608.

41. Astronomical Pioneer: Christiaan Huygens RExplanation of Saturn’s rings. RWave theory of light.

42. Anton van Leeuwenhoek: The Microscope & the Discovery of Micro-Organisms

43. Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp – Rembrandt, 1632

44. (detail) Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp – Rembrandt, 1632

46. The Spanish Hapsburgs & Europe (1556) Philip II consolidated Hapsburg lands at the end of the 16c.

47. The Spanish Netherlands: Union of Utrecht, 1579 The United Provinces still recognized Spanish rule, but, in 1581, they declared their independence.

48. The Netherlands (1609)

49. REGENTS - provincial level - held virtually all the power - strong advocates of local independence STADHOLDER - States General representative from each province - responsible for defense and order STATES GENERAL - federal assembly - foreign affairs (war) - all issues had to be referred to the local Estates The Dutch Federation

50. The Night Watch – Rembrandt, 1642

51. Dutch Royal Palace, Amsterdam 1648-1665

52. Count William II Granting Privileges Cesare van Everdingen, 1654

53. RFirst Anglo-Dutch War: 1660-1665 RSecond Anglo-Dutch War: 1665-1667 RThird Anglo-Dutch War: 1674-1678 King William III Queen Mary II ascend the throne of England in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution. King William III Queen Mary II ascend the throne of England in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution. The Anglo-Dutch Wars Add notes to each war, why did they start?

54. Economic Decline in the Netherlands William III dies in 1702 he is not replaced by another strong Stadtholder The Dutch were passed in naval supremacy by the British fishing and trade industries decline lost their technological superiority in ship building only financial institutions kept the Dutch from complete insignificance