1. July 20, 2016 Iqaluit Senator Dennis Patterson

2. Agenda 09:00 –Welcoming remarks by Senator Patterson 09:30 – Presentation: Search and Rescue - Roundtable discussion 11:30 - Lunch 13:00 - Presentation: An expanded role for Rangers? - Roundtable discussion 15:00 - Break 15:30 - Roundtable discussion - additional topics of interest relating to Arctic defence 17:00 - End of Roundtable discussion

4. SAR in the Arctic Today Multiple partners are involved in Northern SAR response Each territory (and the RCMP, as the police force of jurisdiction) has the mandate for ground SAR. lost/missing persons on land including inland bodies of water. National Parks Canada is responsible for lost/missing person(s) within National Park boundaries in any of the territories. Canadian Forces and Canadian Coast Guard are responsible for aircraft in distress and vessels in distress.

5. SAR – What has changed? Global warming Increased activity

8. Loss of ice accelerating

9. Global Warming Impacts More resources exploitation More maritime traffic Transient, cruise ships Destination More fishing More research More tourists More pleasure vessels More adventurers

10. Arctic SAR Agreement Arctic Council Meeting, Nuuk 12 May 2011 Agreement on Cooperation in Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic Each Party shall promote the establishment, operation and maintenance of an adequate and effective search and rescue capability within its area.... Better exchange of information Agreement to request and provide support; Shorter communication lines

11. Arctic Council Arctic SAR Agreement

12. Potential Maritime Routes

13. Full Northwest Passage Transits —Type of ship 20082009201020112012201320142015 —CCG Icebreaker s 33442244 —General cargo vessels 00000110 —Tankers 00011000 —Passenger ships 12312422 —Tug boats 02202000 —Pleasure crafts (reporting to Nordreg) 00322422 —Adventurers (Not reporting) 7106122010817 Cable vessel 01000000 Research vessel 01001100 Others 200 Total 1119182030221725

14. 14 This document contains Privileged and Confidential Information of exactEarth Ltd. Use by the Canadian Government is permitted for evaluation of exactEarth Satellite AIS ; distribution outside the Canadian Government requires written authorization by exactEarth Ltd. Arctic Vessel Traffic July to September 2011 14

15. Marine Accidents Arctic Region2001200220032004200520062007200820092010 Shipping Accidents 4276043565 Vessels Involved in Shipping Accidents Cargo 1030000100 Bulk Carrier/OBO 2000000000 Tanker 0011001003 Ferry/Passenger 0000020001 Tug/Barge 1202010230 Fishing 0000000100 Other 0035013131 Vessels Lost 0100010010 Fatalities 0021011000

16. Air Routes in the Arctic

17. Examples

18. Polar Flights

19. Aircraft Accidents 200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015 Accidents by province/territory359324373308306303324294297288257290276249250 Yukon75675477438844 Northwest Territories134575698696533 Nunavut22022748274341 Total in Territories2211 161217202312191816118 %6%3% 5%4%6% 8%4%7% 6%4%3% 5.1% Fatal accidents by province/territory 46424533443438 33363542381425 Yukon30100111101100 Northwest Territories30010112132010 Nunavut10010000011100 Total in Territories70120223244210 %15%0%2%6%0%6%5%8%6%11% 5%3%0% 5.6% Fatalities by province/territory766776576955566470 6763662147 Yukon50100111101100 Northwest Territories80020632234010 Nunavut300100000112100 Total in Territories 1601307433417210 % 21%0%1%5%0%13%7%5%4%6%25%3%2%0% 6.6%

20. Current SAR capability created in less challenging times Significantly increased levels of all types of northern activity = higher risk Disappearing, thinning, and/or less stable ice will increase risk(s) for many activities in the North People’s attitudes about SAR are changing Acceptance of the status quo about “life in the North” is declining Expectations regarding services and gov’t support are increasing Inhabitants (High speed Internet) Industry Potential for greater demands on SAR in coming years Implications for SAR

21. SAR Responsibilities The Canadian Armed Forces are responsible for aeronautical incidents; The Canadian Coast Guard is responsible for marine incidents; Parks Canada is responsible within national parks; and Provincial and territorial governments are responsible for searches for missing persons including those who are lost or overdue on land or inland waters - commonly known as Ground Search and Rescue (GSAR), and often delegated to the police service of jurisdiction.

22. CASARA Civil Air Search and Rescue Association Integrated in SAR resources in the south In the process of integration in the Arctic Not there yet Limited resources

23. SAR Assets in the Arctic Coast Guard vessels during the shipping season Coast Guard Auxiliary RCMP for ground search Support from the Canadian Rangers Often on a voluntary basis Territorial Public Safety Organizations

24. Challenges for Arctic SAR Difficult communications Long distances to government resources Difficult navigation Limited bathymetry No navigational aid No piloting system Limited infrastructure Extreme weather in the winter Minutes versus hours

25. What can we do? Prime Minister Harper Statement “…we cannot adequately cover the whole of the Arctic…” or words to that effect We can do better Station a SAR CC-130 in the Arctic Support Civil Air Search and Rescue Association Equip the Rangers with a marine capability Develop Resolute Bay to include SAR

27. Pourquoi Resolute Bay Yellowknife Edmonton Vancouver Whitehorse Iqaluit

28. SAR CC-130 in Yellowknife Canadian Forces infrastructure in place On a rotational basis On stand-by Shorter response time to Arctic SAR Shorter response time to western Canada

29. Pourquoi Resolute Bay Yellowknife Edmonton Vancouver Whitehorse Iqaluit Cambridge Bay

30. Other Options to Consider Equip present and future SAR assets with infrared sensors Outsource SAR to a northern company Similar to Cougar Helicopter Oil industry Education Personal emergency transmitters Wearing a flotation device Spot Fee for adventurers Bond National Park Treks over the North Pole

31. Policy Links Canada’s Northern Strategy 2009 Strengthening Canada’s sovereignty SAR mentioned specifically three times Promoting economic and social development Protecting our environmental heritage Improving and Devolving Governance Canada First Defence Policy Standing Senate Committee on Fisheries and Oceans December 2009 Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence March 2011

32. Federal SAR response Air and marine SAR are coordinated from three Joint Coordination Rescue Centers in Victoria, Trenton and Halifax. Aircraft are staged from military bases in Comox, Winnipeg, Trenton and Greenwood Marine SAR missions during the Arctic shipping season are handled by nearest Coast Guard ship in the area and/or other vessels of opportunity Depending on circumstances, secondary air and/or marine SAR resources may be engaged Where available, northern based: Civil Air Search and Rescue Association ( CASARA) Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary (CCGA) Canadian Ranger units may also be tasked

33. Territorial Response Territorial Government Emergency Measures Organization RCMP share responsibilities for ground searches Community-based resources and volunteers Majority of northern SAR searches Rangers

34. Conclusion Global warming is here to stay Human activity is increasing No year-round dedicated SAR assets in the Arctic We cannot adequately cover the Arctic Can we do better?

35. SAR Questions 1. Are there sufficient search and rescue assets in the Arctic? 2. Should search and rescue assets be moved further north to reduce the response time? 3. Where should limited search and rescue assets be located in the Arctic? 4. Is there a role for the (aviation) private sector in northern search and rescue?

36. Discussion Canadian MV Explorer Costa Concordia