1. Knowledge Mapping Tools: Visualizing Research Crystal Renfro, MLS, MAS Elisabeth Shields, PhD, MLIS Kennesaw State University Library System

2. Session goals Define types of knowledge mapping Show examples of each Talk about how each can be used in academic contexts Discuss rationale for librarian role in promoting understanding and use of knowledge mapping

3. Cartography, communication & cognition “[James W. Wandersee ]... argued persuasively that cartography links perception, interpretation, cognitive transformations & creativity serving four basic purposes: to challenge one’s assumptions, to recognize new patterns, to make new connections, and to visualize the unknown.” Hyerle, D., 2008, 73.

5. Mind mapping

6. What Is Mind Mapping? Visual representation of related information Helps structure and organize information Radiates from a central node Structured in nodes: parent, child and sibling Can be hand-drawn with elaborate images Many online tools Image from: Mind Mapping: The Best Step-by-Step Guide for Creating Useful Mind Maps by Ben Evans

7. Brainstorming Decision Making Organizing Information Clarifying Ideas Why Mind Map ?

8. Ways Librarians use mind maps Brainstorming & Strategic Planning Process exploration: uncover interdependencies and potential collaborations. Event planning: food, speakers, support tasks, technical requirements Library renovation projects: track people, places, furniture, feedback from users, architects, functional workarounds, etc Presentation & Writing Planning Recruiting Members for Library Board Maps that index other maps (chapters of a book with each chapter its own map Developing instruction sessions

9. http://mindmappingsoftwareblog.com/15-common-mind-map-elements/

10. Guidelines to Choosing Mapping Software Price: Free, Trial Periods, One-time vs monthly subscription Intended Users: Individual, group collaboration Function: Concept, argument, mind mapping, etc Platform: desktop, online Integration Options: Evernote, BibTex, Word, etc Special Features: hyperlinks, task management, graphics, etc

11. Mind mapping software Hierarchical Open sourceFreemindFreeplaneCommercialMindJetXMind Creative Bubbl.usCoggleMindMeister Educational DocearInspiration

12. Concept mapping

13. MINDMAPCONCEPT MAP

14. “Students who learn meaningfully relate information from different sources in an attempt to integrate what they learn with the intention of imposing meaning. They form connections between new information and material that has been previously studied, and they think about the underlying structure of what is learned.” - Novak, J. (2000, p. 16)

15. Concept Map illustrating hierarchy and integration of concepts related to the Karner Blue Butterfly Novak, J. (2000, pg 21)

16. Concept Map Examples Good Example Bad Example Joseph Mayo (2012): http://www.pedagogyandhumanscience.org/files/Mayo_PHSv2.pdf

17. Uses of concept maps Students: Map own current understanding, assimilate new material Take notes to reflect own learning Construct models First or second step in research projects Organize literature reviews Faculty Evaluate student learning Replace other kinds of tests Quickly appraise early stages of complex student research projects

18. Constructing concept maps Consider starting with manual form such as sticky notes Identify concepts first Add labels that link concepts Work on revisions Move toward more specificity in labels See also: “Constructing your First Concept Map,” Alberto J. Cañas & Joseph D. Novak, http://cmap.ihmc.us/docs/constructingaconceptmap.php http://cmap.ihmc.us/docs/constructingaconceptmap.php

19. Concept mapping software for higher education Defining features: Must allow labeling of links and recursive and other non-hierarchical relationships Cmap Created at the Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition (IHMC), Cmap software is the software package that supports strictly defined concept mapping. Creately Appears to allow labeling of relationships Inspiration Created for all levels of education, has concept mapping and other educational functions

20. Argument mapping/issue mapping/dialog mapping

22. Dialog map

23. Concept Map To develop critical thinking and promote deeper learning by exposing relationships between concepts Map can move in different directions Distinguishing feature is labeling of relationships Argument Map To develop clarity and strength of key components of a convincing argument. Map reads top to bottom or left to right Distinguishing feature is use of icons to represent different types of nodes

24. Components of an Argument Map Main Contention: Point of the Pro/Con Argument Assumptions or premises: Statements generally accepted as true Co-premises: Additional supporting assumptions. Reasons: Argument supporting a contention Objections: Argument against a contention Rebuttals: An objection to an objection; a counterargument

25. Uses of argument/issue/dialog mapping Understand how another author is developing their argument/thesis Develop your own thesis logically Present logical outline of thesis to faculty (hard to plagiarize logic) Develop shared understanding (dialog map) by exploring aspects of question systematically Documenting how decisions are made by recording the structure of the discussion Unifying element among the types of maps: problem area and reasons for and against a conclusion or action

26. Issue/Argument/Dialog mapping software bCisive Developed by same group as Rationale, but for organizations rather than education, this package incorporates icons and templates for decision making Rationale For education, including higher education, this software incorporates a reasonable number of options. Examples in this presentation use this package CompendiumNG Free, open source; dialog & issue mapping Debategraph Free, online only; many options and very complex arguments possible

27. Further Reading - General Davies, Martin. “Concept Mapping, Mind Mapping and Argument Mapping: What Are the Differences and Do They Matter?” Higher Education 62, no. 3 (September 2011): 279–301. How to write a thesis (Bachelor, Master, or PhD) and which software tools to use, Sciplore (2010) Hyerle, David. “Thinking Maps: A Visual Language for Learning.” In Okada, Alexandra et al., Knowledge Cartography: Software Tools and Mapping Techniques. New York: Springer, 2008. Hyerle, David., Visual tools for transforming information into knowledge. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 2009. Novak, J. D., Mintes, J.J. & J.H. Wandersee. Assessing Science Understanding. New York: Academic Press, 2000. Okada, Alexandra et al., Knowledge Cartography: Software Tools and Mapping Techniques. New York: Springer, 2008.

28. Great Resource on Mind mapping from Chuck Frey of The Mind Mapping Software Blog can be found on Pinterest!

29. Mind Mapping Resources The Mindmap Blog Mind Mapping BLOG! The Mind Mapping Software Blog by Chuck Frey BiggerPlate.com MindMap Library Maps for That: Mindmap Library (from the folks at Mindjet) Maps for That: Mindmap Library Mind Map Art

30. Concept Mapping Resources Bentley, F.J.B., Kennedy, S. & K. Semsar. (2011) How Not to Lose Your Students With Concept Maps. Journal of College Science Teaching, 41(1), 61-68.How Not to Lose Your Students With Concept Maps Hay, David, Ian Kinchin and Simon Lygo-Baker “Making learning visible: the role of concept mapping in higher education.” Studies in Higher Education 33, 3 (June 2008): 295 – 311. Kinchin, I.M. (2014) Concept mapping as a learning tool in higher education: A critical analysis of recent reviews. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 62(1) 39 – 49. Lee, Hollylynne Stohl. "Using Concept Maps to Organize Reviews of Literature,“ 2010. Webinar archived at CAUSEweb.org.Using Concept Maps to Organize Reviews of Literature McPherson, Fiona. “Concept maps” in Effective Notetaking ( 2 nd edition). Wellington, NZ: Wayz Press, 2007. Pp. 146 – 167. Novak, Joseph D. Learning, Creating, and Using Knowledge. New York: Routledge, 2012. Novak, Joseph D. & Alberto J. Cañas, “The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct and Use Them.” Technical Report IHMC Cmap Tools 2006-01 Rev 2008-01. http://cmap.ihmc.us/docs/theory-of-concept-maps.php http://cmap.ihmc.us/docs/theory-of-concept-maps.php

31. Issue, Argument & Dialog Mapping Resources Betz, G. Argunet: argument mapping and discourse analysis Blog, tutorials, book reviews, updated occasionally. Includes. (2013). Three Online Tutorials on Argument Analysis.Argunet: argument mapping and discourse analysis Three Online Tutorials on Argument Analysis Conklin, Jeff. Dialogue Mapping : Building Shared Understanding of Wicked Problems. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2006. Morrow, David R. and Anthony Weston, A Workbook for Arguments. Hackett Publishing, 2011. A new edition to be published in Nov. 2015 will reportedly have an expanded section on argument mapping. Ostwald, Jamel. “Argument mapping – the basics.” n.d.Argument mapping – the basics Rittel, H. and D. Noble, “Issue-based information systems for design.” Working Paper 492. Berkeley, CA: The Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, 1989. Reid, Caroline. (2011). “Rationale Argument Mapping Software (Application Review).” Journal of Technology in Human Services 29: 147 – 154.