1. Midterm Review Class Midterm Weiss

2. The Restoration Period 1660-1800

3. The Restoration Period (page 468-484) 1. Faith in reason and logic 2. Interest in urban society 3. Public, Impersonal poetry 4. Interest in Reason/Science 5. Regular Meter and Strict form The Tudors were restored to the throne after Oliver Cromwell rule. The Tudors were restored to the throne after Oliver Cromwell rule.

4. The Restoration Period (page 468-484) There was a tendency to model writing on the works of Latin writers. There was a tendency to model writing on the works of Latin writers. English prose lost some of its tendency to fanciness and decoration. English prose lost some of its tendency to fanciness and decoration. Satire was used to expose the moral corruption and crass commercialism of eighteenth-century England. Satire was used to expose the moral corruption and crass commercialism of eighteenth-century England. Novels (new) became popular. Women were eager readers. Novels (new) became popular. Women were eager readers. The new journalists saw themselves as reformers as well as writers. The new journalists saw themselves as reformers as well as writers.

5. A Modest Proposal (page 502-508) Swift makes an outrageous proposal that he ironically calls “modest.” He suggests that Irish babies be slaughtered and sold to the gentry as food relieving their parents of a financial burden while adding variety to the tables of the nobility. He also discusses the possibility of using older children as food, but reluctantly dismisses the idea as impractical.

6. A Modest Proposal (page 502-508) Swift's six reasons for making the proposal are: 1. It would greatly lessen the number of Papists (a derogatory term for Catholics). 2. Landlords can seize the Irish children in payment of rents. 3. The nation’s wealth will be increased because there are so many children (and a new dish will be added to the nation’s tables). 4. The breeders will sell their children and will not have to support them. 5. The business of taverns will be increased (with the introduction of a new food) 6. The plan would be a great inducement to marriage. Women would be well treated when pregnant – just as mares and cows and sows are.

7. Skills to know Satire Satire Logical appeals Logical appeals Emotional appeals Emotional appeals Ethical appeals Ethical appeals Exaggeration/ overstatement Exaggeration/ overstatement Hyperbole Understatement Sarcasm Mockery Irony Paradox

8. An Essay on Man (page 524) This excerpt, written in heroic couplets, is rich in antithesis as Pope explores his paradoxical view of humanity, which he says is the “glory, jest, and riddle of the world.”

9. The Rape of the Lock (527-531) By Canto III of this mock epic (a parody of a true epic) the fair Belinda has joined friends at a gathering at Hampton Court. There, she and others of wealth and leisure, including the Baron, sip coffee, gossip, flirt, and play cards. Throughout these proceedings, the Baron schemes to shear a lock of Belinda’s hair and does so despite the efforts of sylphs (nymphs) gathered to defend it.

10. The Rape of the Lock (527-531) Using a volley of snuff and a hairpin as weapons, the outraged Belinda and the Baron engage in battle. metamorphoses of classical literature. When the Baron shows no remorse, Belinda is forced to concede. Her consolation the speaker suggests, is that her lock of hair will join the other stars in heaven, an absurd parody of the typical

11. Skills to Know Satire Satire Mock Epic Mock Epic Allusions Allusions Personification Tone

12. The Romantic Period 1798-1832

13. The Romantic Period (622-638) 1. Faith in Senses, feeling, and imagination 2. Interest in natural and rural settings 3. Subjective poetry 4. Interest in Serious and Infinite 5. Spontaneity and Lyricism

14. Robert Burns’ “To a Mouse” (642-643) The speaker, a farmer who has turned up a mouse's nest with his plow, pities the creature and sympathizes with its humble ways. He compares his own lot in life with that of the mouse and considers the mouse more fortunate because the mouse worries only about the present, while the speaker regrets the past and fears the future.

15. Skills to know Dialect Dialect

16. William Blake’s “The Tyger” (647) In this famous apostrophe to a tiger, the speaker asks who could have made such a fearsome creature and how. The questions remain unanswered, and the poem ends almost exactly as it began, in awe of the tiger’s “fearful symmetry.”

17. Skills to know Antecedents Antecedents Apostrophe Apostrophe Imagery Imagery Parallelism Symbol

18. William Blake’s “The Lamb” (650) As in “The Tyger,” the speaker asks the Lamb who made it, but this time answers the question: The creator made the Lamb; Christ the Redeemer made the Lamb. When the speaker identifies himself as a child, he links the Lamb and Christ to his own innocence.

19. Skills to know Tone Tone Parallelism Parallelism Archaic Language Archaic Language Speaker Symbol

20. William Blake’s Chimney Sweepers (652-653) The speaker of Songs of Innocence is a young boy whose father sold him to work as a chimney sweeper. The child speaker innocently tries to cheer himself and his fellow chimney sweep, Tom Dacre, with a vision of God as a loving father who will reward them with endless joy in heaven if they do their duty here and now. The discrepancy between the speaker’s naïve tone and his desperate plight forms the basis of the poem’s ironic tone.

21. William Blake’s Chimney Sweepers (652-653) (Songs of Experience) A chimney sweeper weeps in the snow while his parents are at church. He says they made him a sweep because he was happy, and now, because he still appears happy, they think they have not hurt him. The system, he says, rationalizes his misery and creates a heaven out of his suffering.

22. Skills to know Tone Tone Word choice Word choice Background (historical context) Background (historical context) Paraphrase Symbol

23. Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey (658-661) This lyric poem is a mediation on what the Wye River Valley in Wales, which stands for all of nature, has meant to the speaker. He first describes the physical beauty of the valley, seen after a fie-year absence, and then explains how his youthful, passionate response has given way to a deeper, more contemplative appreciation. …

24. Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey (658-661) … He celebrates that he no longer has to be physically present in nature to receive its healing powers; his memory of these beautiful sights can lift his spirits and inspire him to acts of kindness at any time or place. Finally, the speaker addresses his sister, saying her presence makes the landscape even more precious to him.

25. Skills to know Blank verse Blank verse Imagery Imagery Lyrical poetry Lyrical poetry

26. Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan” (679-381) Coleridge assets the supremacy of the imagination. His speaker states that Kubla Khan built a majestic pleasure dome in Xanadu with gardens, forests, and winding streams. Deep in a chasm a fountain or geyser burst forth, sending the sacred river alph into a lifeless ocean. Amid the nose of the geyser, Khan hears voices prophesying war. The speaker then turns his attention to a vision of an Abyssianian maiden. He claims that if he could recapture her music, he could rebuild the pleasure dome as Xanadu, arousing people’s fear and awe as if he were a god.

27. Skills to know Figurative Language Figurative Language Word Choice Word Choice Romanticism Romanticism Imagery Alliteration

28. Rime of the Ancient Mariner (683-702) The literary ballad is a harrowing exploration of the torments that guilt can inflict on the human soul. The principal characters are the ancient Mariner and the Wedding Guest to whom the Mariner tells his tale. The Mariner begins by describing how his square-masted ship set sail under a good wind and traveled toward the South Pole.

29. Rime of the Ancient Mariner (683-702) On the way, he committed the senseless crime of killing an albatross that the sailors believed was a good omen. The Mariner describes the punishments that rained down on him, including the death of his shipmates, the haunting of the ship by supernatural forces, and his having to wander the earth retelling his tale to passing strangers for the rest of his life.

30. Skills to know Literary Ballad Literary Ballad Theme Theme Symbolism Imagery

31. Good Luck! Good Luck!