1. T HE NATURE OF FTA S, THEIR ROLE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND PROPOSED US-M ALAYSIA FTA Sanya Reid Smith Third World Network 6 August 2008 1

2. H OW TRIPS+ PROVISIONS CAN OCCUR Bilateral pressure, eg: USA’s Special 301 Bilateral/regional trade agreements (FTAs) with developed countries, eg: European Union: with 120 developing countries including: Andean Community, Central America, ACP, ASEAN, India, Mercosur? EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) (check: http://www.efta.int/content/free-trade/fta-map) http://www.efta.int/content/free-trade/fta-map USA: eg CAFTA, NAFTA, Peru etc (check: http://www.ustr.gov) http://www.ustr.gov Japan: eg with ASEAN countries individually (check: http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/fta/index.html) http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/fta/index.html 2

3. 3 AlgeriaBeninCentral African Republic Dominica AngolaBoliviaChadDominican Republic Antigua & Barbuda BotswanaColombiaEcuador Argentina?Brazil?ComorosEgypt Armenia?BruneiCongo (Brazzaville) El Salvador Azerbaijan?Burkina FasoCongo (Kinshasa)Equatorial Guinea BahamasBurundiCook IslandsEritrea BahrainCambodia?Costa RicaEthiopia BarbadosCameroonCote d’IvoireFiji BelizeCape VerdeDjiboutiGabon Countries EU is negotiating FTAs with

4. 4 GambiaIndiaKuwaitMauritania Georgia?IranLao?Mauritius GhanaIraqLebanonFederal States of Micronesia GrenadaIsraelLesothoMorocco GuatemalaIndonesiaLiberiaMozambique GuineaJamaicaMadagascarMyanmar? Guinea-BissauJordanMalawiNamibia GuyanaKenyaMalaysiaNauru HaitiKiribatiMaliNicaragua HondurasKorea (South)Marshall IslandsNiger Countries EU is negotiating FTAs with - continued

5. 5 NigeriaRwandaSolomon IslandsTunisia NiueSt Kitts & NevisSomaliaTurkey OmanSt LuciaSudanTuvalu PalauSt Vincent & the Grenadines SurinameUganda Palestinian Territories SamoaSwazilandUkraine Papua New GuineaSao Tome & Principe SyriaUnited Arab Emirates Paraguay?Saudi ArabiaTanzaniaUruguay? PeruSenegalThailandVanuatu PhilippinesSeychellesTogoVenezuela? QatarSierra LeoneTongaVietnam Russia?SingaporeTrinidad & TobagoZambia Zimbabwe Countries EU is negotiating FTAs with - continued

6. H OW TRIPS+ PROVISIONS CAN OCCUR CONTINUED Joining the World Trade Organization: 29 countries currently in negotiation (check: http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_ e.htm) http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_ e.htm Regional patent offices (eg West Africa) Bilateral investment treaties (BITs): check http://www.unctadxi.org/templates/DocSearch____779.asp x http://www.unctadxi.org/templates/DocSearch____779.asp x 6

7. B ILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES BITs/the investment chapter of FTAs may lead to infinite data exclusivity and/or an effective prohibition on compulsory licensing if they have: A broad definition of ‘investment’ that includes: intellectual property such as patents or the data used to give marketing approval to a medicine explicitly and/or A ‘catch-all’: ‘any tangible/intangible, moveable/immoveable property and related property right And an expropriation provision without exceptions (or with only a GATT Art XX exception) And investor-state dispute settlement Government-government dispute settlement 7

8. W HAT CAN PLHIV DO ? Experience of Thai PLHIV Experience of Malaysian PLHIV Some tools Our Health, Our Right, (explanation of TRIPS safeguards, TRIPS+ and the opposition of PLHIV in India and Thailand to TRIPS+ provisions), http://www.apnplus.org/webpage/Publications.html http://www.apnplus.org/webpage/Publications.html www.bilaterals.org (news reports of FTA negotiations) www.bilaterals.org 8

9. T HAI -USFTA PROTESTS RE MEDICINES 9 M ALAYSIA -USFTA PROTESTS RE MEDICINES

10. T HANK YOU For more information and questions: sanya@myjaring.net sanya@myjaring.net 10