1. 1910 Subpart F - Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms Fall Protection

2. 1910 Subpart F - Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms –1910.66 - Powered platforms for building maintenance.1910.66 - Powered platforms for building maintenance. 1910.66 App A - Guidelines (Advisory) 1910.66 App B - Exhibits (Advisory) 1910.66 App C - Personal Fall Arrest System (Section I - Mandatory; Sections II and III - Non-Mandatory)1910.66 App C - Personal Fall Arrest System (Section I - Mandatory; Sections II and III - Non-Mandatory) 1910.66 App D - Existing Installations (Mandatory) –1910.67 - Vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms.1910.67 - Vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms. –1910.68 - Manlifts.1910.68 - Manlifts.

3. Identify and evaluate fall hazards  Wherever possible, you need to try to eliminate fall hazards. In many situations, you won't be able to eliminate fall hazards. –What is the fall distance from the walking/working surface to the next lower level? –How many workers are exposed to the hazard? –What tasks and work areas are associated with the hazard? –How will the workers move - horizontally, vertically, or in both directions - to do their tasks? –Are secure anchorages available or can they be easily installed near the hazard? –Are there other hazards near the work area, such as overhead power lines? –How will workers be promptly rescued if they are suspended in a personal fall-arrest system?

4. 1910.66 - Powered platforms for building maintenance. 1910.66 App A - Guidelines (Advisory) 1910.66 App B - Exhibits (Advisory)

5. Window Washing - Always Workers must be connected at all times to the fall arrest system while they are suspended. Window washing – workers suspended from a boatswain’s chair or rope descent system must use an independent fall arrest system where the fall arrest anchorage is separate from the suspension system anchorage. Workers operating powered platforms must wear and use a fall arrest system. Source: Wikimedia Commons Source: Oregon OSHA

6. 1910.66 - Powered platforms for building maintenance. 1910.66 App A - Guidelines (Advisory) 1910.66 App B - Exhibits (Advisory) 1910.66 App C - Personal Fall Arrest System (Section I - Mandatory; Sections II and III - Non-Mandatory)1910.66 App C - Personal Fall Arrest System (Section I - Mandatory; Sections II and III - Non-Mandatory) 1910.66 App D - Existing Installations (Mandatory)

7. Fall Protection Basics  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WaXjB9lg 3w&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WaXjB9lg 3w&feature=related

8. (c) Design for system components.  (10) Anchorages to which personal fall arrest equipment is attached shall be capable of supporting at least 5,000 pounds (22.2 kN) per employee attached, or shall be designed, installed, and used as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of at least two, under the supervision of a qualified person.

9. A  Anchorage - means a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices, and which is independent of the means of supporting or suspending the employee.

10. B  Body harness - means a design of straps which may be secured about the employee in a manner to distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis. waist, chest and shoulders with means for attaching it, to other components of a personal fall arrest system.

11. C  Connector - means a device which is used to couple (connect) parts of the system together. It may be an independent component of the system (such as a carabiner), or an integral component of part of the system (such as a buckle or dee-ring sewn into a body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard).

12.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q- aZnIn5WLw&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q- aZnIn5WLw&feature=related

13. Personal fall-arrest systems (PFAS)  A personal fall-arrest system consists of an anchorage, connectors, and a full-body harness that work together to stop a fall and to minimize the arrest force. Other parts of the system may include a lanyard, a deceleration device, and a lifeline.

14.  "Competent Person" means a person who is capable of identifying hazardous or dangerous conditions in the personal fall arrest system or any component thereof, as well as in their application and use with related equipment.

15. Free Fall Distance  Free fall distance - means the vertical displacement of the fall arrest attachment point on the employee's body belt or body harness between onset of the fall and just before the system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance, lifeline and lanyard elongation but include any deceleration device slide distance or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before they operate and fall arrest forces occur.

16. "Free fall"  "Free fall" means the act of falling before the personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to arrest the fall.

17.  Because a shock- absorbing lanyard extends up to 3.5 feet, it's critical that the lanyard stops the worker before the next lower level.  Allow about 20 vertical feet between the worker's anchorage point and the level below the working surface.  Always estimate the total distance of a possible fall before using a shock- absorbing lanyard.  Example: Lanyard length (6 feet) + deceleration distance (3.5 feet) + worker's height (6 feet) + safety margin (3 feet) = 18.5 vertical feet from anchorage to lower level.

18.  Lanyard - means a flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap which is used to secure the body belt or body harness to a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage.  Lifeline - means a component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and which serves as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage.

19.  Qualified person - means one with a recognized degree or professional certificate and extensive knowledge and experience in the subject field who is capable of design, analysis, evaluation and specifications in the subject work, project, or product.  Self-retracting lifeline/lanyard - means a deceleration device which contains a drum wound line which may be slowly extracted from, or retracted onto, the drum under slight tension during normal employee movement, and which, after onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall.

20. Snap-hook  Snap-hook - means a connector comprised of a hook shaped member with a normally closed keeper, or similar arrangement, which may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object. Snap-hooks are generally one of two types: –1. The locking type with a self-closing, self-locking keeper which remains closed and locked until unlocked and pressed open for connection or disconnection, or –2. The non-locking type with a self-closing keeper which remains closed until pressed open for connection or disconnection.

21. Tie-off'  Tie-off - means the act of an employee, wearing personal fall protection equipment, connecting directly or indirectly to an anchorage. It also means the condition of an employee being connected to an anchorage.

22. Beware of swing falls!  If you use a self-retracting lanyard or lifeline, work below the anchorage to avoid a swing fall. The farther you move away from the anchorage, the farther you will fall and the greater your risk of swinging back into a hard object. Swing falls are hazardous because you can hit an object or a lower level during the pendulum motion.

23. What about body belts?  Never use a body belt as part of a personal fall-arrest system.  Body Belts should not be used when fall potential exists.

24. Stairway to Heaven  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgO4Gd4Rh vM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgO4Gd4Rh vM  http://www.youtube.com/v/_dhlEovMkcw http://www.youtube.com/v/_dhlEovMkcw

25. 4 foot? 6 foot? 10 foot? This module will cover: At what height is fall protection is required?

26. There are 3 categories of fall protection:  Restraint systems – prevents a fall from occurring  Arrest systems – stops a person after falling  Positioning device systems – keeps a person in position and stops fall within 2 feet The purpose of fall protection is to either prevent a fall before it occurs or stop a fall after it occurs.

27. “Fall protection” means personal fall protection equipment worn by employees working at heights, safety nets, catch platforms, warning lines, and guard rails along elevated surfaces. Fall protection of some type (usually guardrails) is required when employees work at a height of 4 feet or more in all workplaces. In some types of work or industries, fall protection is specified at different heights. What is fall protection and when is it required?

28. Zero feet - above or adjacent to dangerous equipment, pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, or similar hazardous equipment 4 feet or more (all workplaces) 1910 5 feet (ship building and repair) 6 feet (concrete and masonry work) 1926 8 feet (longshoring) Depending on the circumstances or type of work, fall protection may be required when workers are exposed to falls of:

29. General 4 foot fall protection requirement Open-sided floors, platforms, runways, or wall openings 4 or more feet above adjacent floor or ground level must be guarded by a railing (except where there is an entrance to a ramp, stairway or fixed ladder). This is true in general industry, in agriculture and in the construction industry, except for leading edge work or roofing work.

30. Fall Protection in Construction Required when employees are exposed to a hazard of falling:

31. Scaffolding

32. 1910.67 - Vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms.

33. Elevated work platforms(aerial lifts): Always Boom supported elevating work platforms – Safety harness and lanyard devices fixed to attachments points provided and approved by the manufacturer must be used by all occupants, regardless of the height.

34. 1910.68 - Manlifts.  http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=hlUUJh- cYYk http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=hlUUJh- cYYk  Belting.Cone Hoods.Control Rope.Gearboxes.Hand Holds.Pulleys.Roller Assembly.Stencils.Steps

35. Steve's Drunk and High DUI at Work (Arrested on Scissor Lift)  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30InBgGhi So http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30InBgGhi So

36. Fall protection always required Employees must be protected from falls through any skylights, roof openings or floor openings by installing either a standard guardrail system along all exposed sides or a cover that is marked, secured and is capable of supporting at least 200 pounds. Cover for floor opening

37. BREAK! Silent movie  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEcTjhUN_ 7U&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEcTjhUN_ 7U&feature=related

38. What is required?  OSHA requires the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce employee exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or effective in reducing these exposures to acceptable levels.  Employers are required to determine if PPE should be used to protect their workers and have an obligation to provide PPE, including personal protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and extremities, and protective clothing and barriers.  Employers must also make sure employees use and maintain PPE in a sanitary and reliable condition.

39. Worker PPE

40. What is proper use?  Personal Protective Equipment must be worn and used in a manner that will make full use of its protective qualities.  Low rates of compliance in wearing PPE usually indicate the safety management system is failing in some way. Any one of the following root causes may result in general non-compliance: the employer does not provide quality PPE; –the employer does not properly supervise the use of PPE; –the employer fails to enforce the use of PPE; or –the employer does not properly train employees on the use of PPE.

41. Categories of PPE  Face and eye protection  Head protection  Foot protection  Hand protection  Protective clothing  Protective ointments  Shields  Barriers  Restraints

42. 1910.132(a)  Application. Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices, and protective shields and barriers, shall be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

43. Hazard assessment and equipment selection.  1910.132(d)(1) The employer shall assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). If such hazards are present, or likely to be present, the employer shall: –1910.132(d)(1)(i) Select, and have each affected employee use, the types of PPE that will protect the affected employee from the hazards identified in the hazard assessment; –1910.132(d)(1)(ii) Communicate selection decisions to each affected employee; and, –1910.132(d)(1)(iii) Select PPE that properly fits each affected employee. Note: Non-mandatory Appendix B contains an example of procedures that would comply with the requirement for a hazard assessment.

44. Who pays for PPE?  Personal protective equipment (PPE), used during work must be provided by the employer at no cost to employees.  However, the employer is not required to pay for non-specialty safety- toe protective footwear (including steel-toe shoes or steel- toe boots) and non-specialty prescription safety eyewear, provided that the employer permits such items to be worn off the job-site.

45. In addition, the employer is not required to pay for:  the logging boots required by 29 CFR 1910.266(d)(1)(v);  everyday clothing, such as long-sleeve shirts, long pants, street shoes, and normal work boots; or  ordinary clothing, skin creams, or other items, used solely for protection from weather, such as winter coats, jackets, gloves, parkas, rubber boots, hats, raincoats, ordinary sunglasses, and sunscreen.

46. ANSI Z10-2005, Occupational Health and Safety Management SystemsANSI Z10-2005, Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems,  Controlling Hazards  To control hazards, a hierarchy of controls has been used as a means of determining how to implement feasible and effective controls. –Elimination –Substitution –Engineering controls –Administrative controls –Personal protective equipment

47. EYE WEAR

48. What causes eye injuries?  1. Household Chemicals  2. Workshop and Yard Debris  3. Battery Acid  4. Sports Accidents  5. Overexposure to Ultraviolet (UV) Light  6. Fireworks  7. Toys and Games  8. Furniture Corners  9. Work-Related Injuries  10. Airbags http://www.sixwise.com/newsletters/06/08/ 23/the-top-10-causes-of-eye-injuries--and- how-you-can-prevent-them.htm

49. How can eye injuries be prevented?  Always wear effective eye protection.  Better training and education.  Maintenance.

50. Glasses.  Protective eyeglasses are made with safety frames, tempered glass or plastic lenses, temples and side shields which provide eye protection from moderate impact and particles encountered in job tasks such as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, scaling, etc.  Safety glasses are also available in prescription form for those persons who need corrective lenses.

51. Goggles.  Vinyl framed goggles of soft pliable body design provide adequate eye protection from many hazards. These goggles are available with clear or tinted lenses, perforated, port vented, or non-vented frames.  Single lens goggles provide similar protection to spectacles and may be worn in combination with spectacles or corrective lenses to insure protection along with proper vision.  Welders goggles provide protection from sparking, scaling, or splashing metals and harmful light rays. Lenses are impact resistant and are available in graduated shades of filtration. Chipper/Grinder goggles provide eye protection from flying particles.  The dual protective eye cups house impact resistant clear lenses with individual cover plates.

52. Face Shields.  These normally consist of an adjustable headgear and face shield of tinted/transparent acetate or polycarbonate materials, or wire screen. Face shields are available in various sizes, tensile strength, impact/heat resistance and light ray filtering capacity. Face shields will be used in operations when the entire face needs protection and should be worn to protect eyes and face against flying particles, metal sparks, and chemical/biological splash.

53.  http://www.youtube.com/v/0DYgLlWzYqk http://www.youtube.com/v/0DYgLlWzYqk

54. RESPIRATORS

55.  Emergency situation means any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment that may or does result in an uncontrolled significant release of an airborne contaminant.  Escape-only respirator means a respirator intended to be used only for emergency exit.  Filtering face piece (dust mask) means a negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of the face piece or with the entire face piece composed of the filtering medium.  Fit test means the use of a protocol to qualitatively or quantitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on an individual. (See also Qualitative fit test QLFT and Quantitative fit test QNFT.)

56.  High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter means a filter that is at least 99.97% efficient in removing monodisperse particles of 0.3 micrometers in diameter. The equivalent NIOSH 42 CFR 84 particulate filters are the N100, R100, and P100 filters.  Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) means an atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects, or would impair an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.  Oxygen deficient atmosphere means an atmosphere with an oxygen content below 19.5% by volume.  Powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) means an air- purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering.

57.  Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the user. Supplied-air respirator (SAR) or airline respirator means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user.

58. Respirators  Black lung, farmer's lung, asbestosis, silicosis...  These are just a few of the medical conditions that result when workers breathe contaminated air.  Protecting workers can be difficult, because there are so many types of contaminants and there is no single method for controlling them in all workplaces. Your workplace, like most, may contain one or more of the following hazards in the form of harmful: –dusts –fogs –fumes –mists –gases –smokes –sprays vapors

59. Hazardous Atmospheres  If hazardous atmospheres are generated by any of the above, it must be controlled to prevent disease to workers. What makes a substance harmful depends on its toxicity, chemical state, physical form, concentration, and the period of time one is exposed.  Examples include particulates, gases and vapors, and biological organisms. Harmful effects are wide ranging and may occur immediately or take years to develop.  When the oxygen concentration in normal breathing air drops below 19.5 percent by volume, the air becomes oxygen deficient - a significant concern for those who work in confined spaces. Harmful effects include impaired thinking and coordination, unconsciousness, and death.

60.  You can't just hand out respirators and expect employees to use them properly.  If respirators are necessary to protect your employees, you must have a written program that describes how you will accomplish the following: select appropriate respirators for employees; –conduct medical evaluations for employees who use respirators; –fit-test employees who use tight-fitting respirators; –ensure employees use respirators correctly during regular activities and during emergencies; –ensure respirators are clean and properly maintained; –ensure air-quality in atmosphere-supplying respirators; –train employees to protect themselves from respiratory hazards; and evaluate your program's effectiveness.

61. Follow the important points below when inspecting respirators. –Inspect respirators that are used routinely during cleaning. –Replace any worn or deteriorated parts. –Be sure to thoroughly inspect respirators for emergency use such as self-contained devices at least once a month and after each use. –Inspect self-contained breathing apparatus monthly. –Make sure air and oxygen cylinders are fully charged according to the manufacturer's instructions. –Make sure that the regulator and warning devices function properly. –Check the tightness of connections and the condition of the facepiece, headbands, valves, connecting tube, and canisters. –Inspect rubber or elastomer (elastic rubber) parts for pliability and signs of deterioration. –Stretch and manipulate rubber or elastomer parts with a massaging action to keep them pliable and flexible and prevent them from taking a set during storage. –A record must be kept of inspection dates and findings for respirators maintained for emergency use.

62. Training  Elements of an effective respirator program: –selecting appropriate protection; –donning and doffing; –using respirators; –storing and maintaining respirators; –detecting defects; –proper fitting; and –testing for proper seal.

63. IDLH  Where the employer cannot identify or reasonably estimate the employee exposure, the employer must consider the atmosphere to be Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH). Immediately dangerous to life or health means an atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects, or would impair an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.

64. Storing Respirators  After inspection, cleaning, and necessary repair, respirators must be stored to protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture, or damaging chemicals. Respirators placed at stations and work areas for emergency use should be quickly accessible at all times and should be stored in compartments built for the purpose. The compartments should be clearly marked. Routinely used respirators, such as dust respirators, may be placed in plastic bags. Respirators should not be stored in such places as lockers or tool boxes unless they are in carrying cases or cartons.

65. HEAD PROTECTION

66. General requirements.- Head Protection  1910.135(a)  (1) The employer shall ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet when working in areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling objects.  (2) The employer shall ensure that a protective helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard is worn by each such affected employee when near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head.

67. Foot Protection  1910.136(a) General requirements. The employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries due to falling or rolling objects, or objects piercing the sole, and where such employee's feet are exposed to electrical hazards. 1910.136(a)

68. Hand Protection  1910.138(a)  General requirements. Employers shall select and require employees to use appropriate hand protection when employees' hands are exposed to hazards such as those from skin absorption of harmful substances; severe cuts or lacerations; severe abrasions; punctures; chemical burns; thermal burns; and harmful temperature extremes.  1910.138(b)  Selection. Employers shall base the selection of the appropriate hand protection on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the hand protection relative to the task(s) to be performed, conditions present, duration of use, and the hazards and potential hazards identified.

69. Impact Type Helmets  Type I: A helmet of Type I is designed to provide protection only to the top of the head. It is not intended to provide impact from side impacts. (This is by far the most commonly used type of hard hat in use.)  Type II: A helmet of Type II is designed to provide protection against both top and side impacts.

70.  Electrical Classes Class G (General): Class G helmets are intended to reduce the danger of contact exposure to low voltage conductors. Test samples are proof tested at 2200 volts (phase to ground). However, this voltage is not intended as an indication of the voltage at which the helmet protects the wearer.  Class E (Electrical): Class E helmets are intended to reduce the danger of exposure to high voltage conductors. Test samples are proof-tested at 20,000 volts (phase to ground). However, this voltage is not intended as an indication of the voltage at which the helmet protects the wearer.  Class C (Conductive): Class C helmets are not intended to provide protection against contact with electrical conductors.

71. HAND PROTECTION

72. Selection of Hand Protection  Proper hand protection is a critical concern in today's demanding and ever- changing work environment. Since potential injuries can be severe and debilitating, selecting the appropriate gloves can save workers from lost workdays. The right gloves ensure safety, provide comfort, and help increase productivity.hand protectiongloves  Because of the wide variety of hand protection products available, gloves can be matched to particular applications and you'll want to consider the following: –Physical Conditions: Hazards workers are exposed to, including punctures, cuts, abrasion, voltage, and temperature extremes –Chemical Resistance: Ability of the gloves to withstand chemical penetration. Permeation guides help determine the level of protection required. For information on the chemical permeability of different glove materials, –Product Protection: The need to protect products from outside contamination through contact with worker's hands. Contamination could also occur in the work environment if gloves contain powder or some other ingredient that shouldn't be present –Glove Design, Construction, and Fit: Strength, thickness, powders, linings, cuffs, sensitivity, dexterity, finish, and color. Materials used in glove construction and a proper fit ensure comfort and reduce fatigue –Allergies: Possibility of workers having allergic reactions to glove contents, including latex http://www.northernsafety.com/

73.  Permeation rate. The permeation rate measures the length of time it takes a given material (glove) to become saturated by the chemical through absorption.  Breakthrough or Penetration rate. The penetration rate measures the speed with which a given chemical breaks through the layer(s) of the glove to contact the skin.

74. Glove Guide Types of gloves:  Disposable Gloves. Disposable gloves, usually made of light-weight plastic, can help guard against mild irritants.  Fabric Gloves. Made of cotton or fabric blends are generally used to improve grip when handling slippery objects. They also help insulate hands from mild heat or cold.  Leather Gloves. These gloves are used to guard against injuries from sparks or scraping against rough surfaces. They are also used in combination with an insulated liner when working with electricity.

75.  Metal Mesh Gloves. These gloves are used to protect hands from accidental cuts and scratches. They are used most commonly by persons working with cutting tools or other sharp instruments.  Aluminized Gloves. Gloves made of aluminized fabric are designed to insulate hands from intense heat. These gloves are most commonly used by persons working molten materials.  Chemical Resistance Gloves. These gloves may be made of rubber, neoprene, polyvinyl alcohol or vinyl, etc. The gloves protect hands from corrosives, oils, and solvents. The glove chart below may serve as a guide to the different types of glove materials and the chemicals they can be used against. When selecting chemical resistance gloves, be sure to consult the manufacturer's recommendations, especially if the gloved hand will be immersed in the chemical.

76. Measuring for a Proper Fit  With a proper fit, gloves can be easy to work with, comfortable, reduce hand fatigue, and provide the safety your workers need.  Length  For accurate glove length, measure from the tip of the middle finger to where the cuff edge should be on the wrist or arm, and then select the proper cuff and length for your needs.  Size  To measure your hand size, wrap a tape measure around the palm at its widest point. This measurement, in inches, is equivalent to the glove size. For example, if you have a 9" measurement, you would need size 9 gloves.  To convert a measurement size into a glove with small, medium, large, and extra large sizing, the following applies: S = 7-8, M = 8-9, L = 9-10, and XL = 10-11.

77. TypeAdvantagesDisadvantagesUse Against Natural rubberLow cost, good physical properties, dexterity Poor vs. oils, greases, organics. Frequently imported; may be poor quality Bases, alcohols, dilute water solutions; fair vs. aldehydes, ketones. Natural rubber blendsLow cost, dexterity, better chemical resistance than natural rubber vs. some chemicals Physical properties frequently inferior to natural rubber Same as natural rubber Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)Low cost, very good physical properties, medium cost, medium chemical resistance Plasticizers can be stripped; frequently imported may be poor quality Strong acids and bases, salts, other water solutions, alcohols NeopreneMedium cost, medium chemical resistance, medium physical properties NAOxidizing acids, anilines, phenol, glycol ethers NitrileLow cost, excellent physical properties, dexterity Poor vs. benzene, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, many ketones Oils, greases, aliphatic chemicals, xylene, perchloroethylene, trichloroethane; fair vs. toluene ButylSpecialty glove, polar organics Expensive, poor vs. hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents Glycol ethers, ketones, esters Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)Specialty glove, resists a very broad range of organics, good physical properties Very expensive, water sensitive, poor vs. light alcohols Aliphatics, aromatics, chlorinated solvents, ketones (except acetone), esters, ethers