1. Cells Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cells vary in SIZE and STRUCTURE Depends on what they do

3. Cytology = the study of cells All Animal Cells have 3 main parts ● Nucleus ● Cytoplasm (cytosol) ● Cell Membrane Cell Membrane is selectively permeable

4. Lipid bilayer (phospholipids) make up the membrane with proteins embedded to help regulate what comes across the membrane

5. The cytoplasm (cytosol) is the area between the nucleus and the membrane. Many of the cell’s metabolic reactions occur in this area. Do you remember what metabolism is?

6. ORGANELLES- "little organs" within the cell that perform specific functions The nucleus is to the cell what the __________is to a person. The cell membrane is to a cell what the ________ is to a person.

7. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Transport system; canals and channels that connect membrane to nucleus and to organelles within the cell Function = transport system Smooth ER (lipid synthesis) Rough ER (contains ribosomes for protein manufacture)

9. Golgi Apparatus Flattened membranes; Function = package and delivery of proteins produced by the ribosomes Proteins are exported in vesicles

10. Mitochondria ( The “powerhouse” of the cell ) Chemical energy from food is converted to a usable form (ATP) -- process is called Cellular Respiration What does respiration have to do with metabolism?

11. Lysosomes - contain digestive enzymes to break down substances (“suicide sac”) Enzymes break down substances in the cell, such as food or worn out cell parts, even bacteria. What organ in your body is most like the lysosome?

12. ●You will be divided into small groups. You will come up will similes for each organelle we’ve talked about today. Begin with: An animal cell is like a _____________. Ex. A cell is like a school. ●Next to each organelle, make a brief statement explaining its revelvance to your cell simile. Ex. Just as Ms. Tracy Burt determines who enters or exits HHS, the cell membrane determines what enters or exits the cell. Your group will place the simile and statements on a butcher paper and present to the class. ***Remember each group member must contribute to the poster and must speak when presenting. Make the paper colorful, neat, and check spelling*** ●You Must use: Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER and Smooth ER), Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Ribosome. This will be Turned-In Today! 10% off your grade each time a cell phone is seen out and being used. Cell Simile Activity

13. Ch. 3 Cells and Tissues Part 2

14. The Cell Theory The Cell Theory states: All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular. The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

15. CYTOSKELETON made of microfilaments and microtubules which maintain shape and functions in movement Cilia & Flagella

16. NUCLEUS - (the “brain” of the cell) Directs cell activities (the “brain” of the cell) Contains genetic information (DNA) in the form of chromatin Also contains a nucleolus – makes ribosomes Has tiny pores in the nuclear membrane where RNA can exit the nucleus

19. More analogies 1. What part of the cell is most like the stomach? 2. What part of the cell is most like your brain? 3. What part of the cell is most like your bones? 4. What part of the cell is most like your skin? Super Difficult Bonus Question Which part of the cell do you think is the most responsible for maintaining homeostasis?

20. Label and Color Cell Hole Punch and Keep in Binder

21. Ch. 3 Cells and Tissues Part 3

23. Ch. 3 Vocab Handout Begin making flashcards and learning these definitions

24. Movement of Substances Through the Membrane Diffusion - molecules tend to spread out; moving from areas of high concentration to low concentration This process requires no energy, it is called PASSIVE TRANSPORT

25. DIFFUSION

26. Movement of Substances Through the Membrane Diffusion - molecules tend to spread out Facilitated Diffusion - uses proteins as passageways

27. Facilitated Diffusion

28. OSMOSIS - the diffusion of water Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

29. Osmosis

33. Filtration Active Transport ▪ Exocytosis ▪ Endocytosis (phagocytosis & pinocytosis)

34. Ch. 3 Cells and Tissues Part 4

35. ● Mitosis = nuclear division ● Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis (cell division) ● The steps of mitosis ensure that each new cell has the exact same number of chromosomes as the original ● Interphase = growth phase, differentiation occurs

36. ● Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase ● IPMAT

37. The structure of a chromosome Centromere holds two chromatids together

39. Centrosome – two cylinders, centrioles, that sit perpendicular During cell division, the centrioles separate and form a spindle. The spindle moves chromosomes during cell division so that each new cell gets the proper number.

40. 1. chromosomes visible (chromatids) 2. centrioles migrate to the poles 3. nuclear membrane disappears 4. nucleolus disappears 5. spindle forms

41. 1. chromosomes line up on the equator, spindle attaches

42. 1. chromatids separate at the centromere and move to opposite poles

43. 1. chromosomes disappear chromatin 2. nuclear membrane reforms 3. nucleoli reappears 4. spindle disappears 5. centrioles duplicate

44. - division of the cytoplasm to form 2 new daughter cells - organelles are divided - daughter cells are genetically identical Cells return to interphase

50. DIFFERENTIATION occurs as cells multiply and organism develops and grows

51. Body Tissues 1.Types of Epithelium 2.Connective Tissue 3.Muscle Tissue 4.Nervous Tissue 5.Tissue Repair

52. Epithelium 1.What is Epithelium? Covering, lining, and glandular tissue 2. What is its function? Protection Absorption Secretion 3. Types- Simple or Stratified 4. Shapes- Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

53. Types of Epithelium

55. Page 89 in text is similar