1. Ch. 15 Student Assistance

2. Ch.15 The Nation Breaking Apart, 1846- 1861 Conflict pulls apart the North and South and attempts are made to resolve the issues dividing the country.

3. Ch. 15.1 Academic Vocabulary Wilmot Proviso Free-Soil Party Henry Clay A bill that proposed to ban slavery in territories gain from Mexico A political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery U.S. senator from Kentucky who proposed the Compromise of 1850

4. Ch. 15.1 Academic Vocabulary Daniel Webster Stephen A. Douglas Compromise of 1850 U.S. senator from Massachusetts who supported the Compromise of 1850 U.S. senator from Illinois who worked to pass the Compromise of 1850 Effort by Congress to settle the issue of slavery in the territories that arose when California was admitted as a free state – To please the North, it proposed to admit California as a free state. For the South, it included a strong law to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves. The law would also let some territories decide for themselves about slavery.

5. Ch.15.1 Growing Tensions between the North and the South Disagreements between the North and the South, especially over the issue of slavery, lead to political conflict North and South take different paths – 1. Why did the South develop little industry? In the North, industrial growth leads to rapid growth of cities – Immigrants are large part of northern population. – Many immigrants, Easterners move to Northwest Territory South controlled by a few wealthy planters. – Make profit from slave labor, trade; South develops little industry – There was very little industry in the South because the wealthy Southern planters counted on cotton exports for their profits. They invested in slaves rather than industry.

6. Ch.15.1 Growing Tensions between the North and the South Disagreements between the North and the South, especially over the issue of slavery, lead to political conflict Antislavery and racism – 2. Why did Northern workers and immigrants oppose slavery? Many Northerners are against slavery – Includes abolitionists, free workers who fear loss of jobs to slaves – Most Northerners refuse to associate with African Americans Many Southerners determined to defend slavery – Claim white people superior, slaves are provided with food and clothes

7. Ch.15.1 Growing Tensions between the North and the South Disagreements between the North and the South, especially over the issue of slavery, lead to political conflict The Wilmot Proviso – 3. Why did slaveholders oppose the Wilmot Proviso? Wimot Proviso – outlaws slavery in area U.S. gets from war with Mexico U.S. Constitution protects property rights – Southerns view slaves as property, Wilmot proviso unconstitutional Southerns prevent Wilmot Proviso from passing the Senate – they are afraid it will lead to abolition. – Slaveholders opposed the Wilmot Proviso because they believed that slaves were property, and thereby protected by the Constitution Proviso leads to creation of political party Free Soil Party: – Wants to stop the expansion of slavery.

8. Wilmot Proviso Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.– The Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Interestingly Wilmot was not against slavery. Upholding Treaties – He believed it the right thing to do to prohibit slavery in land acquired from Mexico because Mexico did not allow slavery. – He did not want money spent on slavery.

9. Wilmot Activity – Lets Argue in Congress In the 29 th Congress – IF you are on the side of the room by the door you are from South, If you are on the side by the teacher’s desk you are from the North In your Notes – Explain what the Wilmot Proviso says. – If you are from the North – Explain why you are for and against the Wilmot Proviso – If you are from the South – Explain why you are for and against the Wilmot Proviso – Be Ready to stand confidently when your number is called to explain what you stand for. When you hear others talk you agree with CHEER When you hear others talk you disagree with BOO – NOW – We need two volunteers 1- Read the Wilmot Proviso Time to interpret it. President Call any number 1-36 to have someone stand in Congress and give their perspective. – Interestingly there was violence in Congress – Brooks assaults Sumner in Senate May 22, 1856

10. Ch.15.1 Growing Tensions between the North and the South Disagreements between the North and the South, especially over the issue of slavery, lead to political conflict Controversy over territories President Zachary Taylor proposes California apply for statehood – Adding a free state would tip the balance of power in favor of the North – South divide California into 2 sections: free north, slave south President Taylor proposes a strategy for California (1849) – Apply for statehood without going through territory stage – Avoid issue being divided – free part and slave part. California applies to be admitted as a free state (1850)

11. Ch.15.1 Growing Tensions between the North and the South Disagreements between the North and the South, especially over the issue of slavery, lead to political conflict The Compromise of 1850 – 4. What were two features of the Compromise of 1850? Senator Henry Clay Proposes the Compromise of 1850 – Admit California as a free state, abolish slavery in Washington D.C. – No laws would abolish slavery in territories won from Mexico – Pass stronger laws to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves Senator Stephen A. Douglas succeeds in winning passage of plan Compromise of 1850 becomes laws, sectional tensions continue to rise.

12. Ch.15.2 Academic Vocabulary Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin Fugitive Slave Act popular sovereignty Kansas–Nebraska Act John Brown Author of the antislavery novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin Antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Law that helped slaveholders recapture runaway slaves A system where residents vote to decide an issue Law that split the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska and allowed people to vote on slavery in these territories An extreme abolitionist

13. Ch.15.2 The Crisis Deepens Turmoil over slavery leads to acts of violence The Fugitive Slave Act – 1. What did the Fugitive Slave Act call for? slaves escape. Fugitive Slave Act – helps slaveholders recapture runaway slaves – It called for fugitives to be arrested and held without arrest warrant, – Fugitives had no right to a jury trial. – It also required that Northerners return runaway slaves to their masters and placed fines on people who helped runaway Southerners feel the act justified, slaves considered property Northerners resent the act because it requires them to support slavery. – Face moral choice, support law, slavery or oppose law, slavery

14. Take 2 minutes to Re-read p. 462 the Fugitive Slave Act Fugitives (runaway slaves) can be held without an arrest warrant. – This act violates the 6 th amendment – right to a speedy trial. – This act violates Habeas Corpus –an individual must be brought before a judge/ court producing cause for detainment. Is meant to prevent unlawful detention. Southerners - why do you feel this act was justified despite its clear violation of rights? Notherners – Why are you hesitant to approve this law?

15. Ch.15.2 The Crisis Deepens Turmoil over slavery leads to acts of violence Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes book. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) Expresses moral issues about slavery

16. Extra Credit Opportunity Will be added to your Test/ Quiz/ Project Section of your grade Read Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) and complete a summative book report on – the characters – What moral issues about slavery were expressed in the book – How Northerners were depicted in the book – How Southerners were depicted in the book – A brief summary of the book – Why this book was so important in 1852.

17. Ch.15.2 The Crisis Deepens Turmoil over slavery leads to acts of violence The Kansas- Nebraska Act – 2. How was the issue of slavery to be decided in Nebraska and Kansas? Stephen A. Douglas drafts bill for governing the Nebraska Territory. Divides territory into two territories: Nebraska, Kansas – Slavery issue to be decided by residents’ vote – popular sovereignty – Allows vote for slavery in areas where Missouri Compromise banned it. South supports bill, becomes law known as Kansas-Nebraska Act

18. Kansas-Nebraska Act What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act? What does popular sovereignty mean? – Popular = People – Soveriegnty = ability to rule – Popular Soveriengty = People’s ability to rule or people vote on an issue. – Slavery issue to be decided by residents’ vote – popular sovereignty Do you believe people should be able to decide an issue like slavery? Why or why not? Why would the South support the Kansas Nebraska act? – Allows vote for slavery in areas where Missouri Compromise banned it.

19. Ch.15.2 The Crisis Deepens Turmoil over slavery leads to acts of violence “Bleeding Kansas” – 3. Why did violence break out in Kansas in 1855? Proslavery, antislavery settlers rush into Kansas Territory – Violence broke out between antislavery and proslavery forces who came to Kansas to push their position on the issue of slavery. Want vote for territorial legislation in the election of March 1855 At time of election, more proslavery than anti-slavery settlers 5,000 proslavery Missourians vote in election illegally Kansas legislature packed with proslavery representatives

20. Ch.15.2 The Crisis Deepens Turmoil over slavery leads to acts of violence “Bleeding Kansas” Antislavery settlers boycott official government, form own government Proslavery mob attacks Lawrence, Kansas, destroys: – Antislavery offices – House of antislavery governor Attack known as Sack of Lawrence Abolitionist John Brown retaliates by murdering 5 proslavery people – John Brown wants slaves to fight for freedom Attack known as Pottawatomie Massacre Civil war breaks out in Kansas, territory called “Bleeding Kansas”

21. John Brown If you were John Brown what would you have done? Do you agree or disagree with the consequence John Brown received? Draw your answer with captions.

22. Ch.15.2 The Crisis Deepens Turmoil over slavery leads to acts of violence Violence in Congress – 4. Why did Preston Brooks attack Sumner in the Senate in 1856? Senator Charles Sumner’s speech attacks proslavery forces in Kansas Speech makes fun of A.P. Butler, senator from South Carolina A Relative of Butler, Preston Brooks, attacks Sumner in the Senate – Brooks attacked Sumner because of insulting remarks Sumner made against proslavery forces and Brooks’s relative. Southerners cheer Brooks’s defense of the South Northerners shocked at the violence in the Senate.

23. Ch.15.3 Academic Vocabulary Republican Party John C. Frémont James Buchanan Dred Scott v. Sandford Antislavery political party that formed in the 1850s Republican Party candidate in the 1856 presidential election 15th president - Democrat Court case that extended the rights of slaveholders and limited legal efforts to challenge slavery

24. Ch.15.3 Academic Vocabulary Roger B. Taney Abraham Lincoln Harpers Ferry Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, who wrote the lead opinion in the Dred Scott case Illinois Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in 1858 who lost, but became the 16 th president in 1860. Location of U.S. arsenal in Virginia, which was raided by John Brown

25. Ch.15.3 Slavery Dominates Politics Disagreements over slavery lead to the formation of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions The Republican Party Forms Whig party splits over slavery, Northern Whigs form Republican party Republicans join with other opponents of slavery, gain strength in the North Nominate John C, Fremont as their presidential candidate

26. Ch.15.3 Slavery Dominates Politics Disagreements over slavery lead to the formation of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions The election of 1856 Democrats nominate James Buchanan to run for the U.S. presidency – Buchanan wants to maintain the Union, appeals to Southerners American, or Know-Nothing Part, nominates Millard Fillmore In North, presidential race is Buchanan against Fremont In South, race is Buchanan against Fillmore Buchanan wins election, but Fremont wins 11 Northern states

27. Ch.15.3 Slavery Dominates Politics Disagreements over slavery lead to the formation of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions The case of Dred Scott Dred Scot is a slave in Missouri – Owner takes Scott to territory where slavery is illegal – Owner, Scott return to Missouri, owner dies, Scott sues for freedom – Argues he is a free man, he lived in region where slavery is illegal His case, Dred Scott v. Sandford, reaches Supreme Court (1856)

28. Ch.15.3 Slavery Dominates Politics Disagreements over slavery lead to the formation of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions The Case of Dred Scott Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, Supreme Court rule against Scott stating: – Scott is not a U.S. citizen, cannot sue in U.S. courts – Is bound by Missouri’s slave code because he lived in Missouri Southerners cheer Court’s decision, Northerners are outraged

29. Ch.15.3 Slavery Dominates Politics Disagreements over slavery lead to the formation of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions Lincoln and Douglas Debate Republicans charge Democrats want to legalize slavery in all of U.S. Use charge, attack Stephen A. Douglas, sponsor of Kansas- Nebraska Act Illinois Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln for U.S. Senate (1858)

30. Ch.15.3 Slavery Dominates Politics Disagreements over slavery lead to the formation of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions Lincoln and Douglas debate Lincoln challenges Douglas for U.S. Senate, hold formal debates Lincoln argues U.S. government should prevent expansion of slavery Douglas argues popular sovereignty (people’s vote) should decide slavery issue. Douglas wins reelection, Lincoln becomes a national figure

31. Ch.15.3 Lincoln’s House Divided Speech p. 468 Abraham Lincoln’s “House Divided” speech in 1858 (2 yrs before he became president). – What was the purpose of Abraham Lincoln’s “House Divided Speech?” Watch the Video Clip – Take notes http://www.history.com/videos /gilder-lehrman-house- divided#gilder-lehrman-house- divided Read Voice from the Past p. 468 Cite BOTH the video and the VOICE FROM THE PAST in your answer. Be sure to use quotes, with explanations. What statement best describes Lincoln’s sentiment as expressed in his “House Divided” speech? – A There would be a civil war between North and South. – B Congress would continue to compromise about slavery. – C The issue of slavery was weakening the United States. – D Slavery would be outlawed in Illinois Choice C is correct. Lincoln was saying that the country could not continue half slave and half free. It would have to become all one or the other.

32. Ch.15.3 Slavery Dominates Politics Disagreements over slavery lead to the formation of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions John Brown attacks Harpers Ferry John Brown murdered proslavery settlers in Kansas in 1856, and set out to inspire slaves to fight for their freedom. John Brown, followers capture U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia – They believe violence will help them demonstrate slavery is wrong. – Followers include 13 whites, 5 blacks Brown and followers kill 4 Brown sends out word to rally, arm local slaves – No slaves join fight, – U.S. marines capture Brown, 6 others Brown is tried for murder, treason and is hung Many northerners, abolitionists salute Brown as a hero Southerners outraged by Northern reactions to Brown’s death.

33. John Brown attacks Harpers Ferry Reread p. 470 on Northerns and Southerners response to John Brown at Harpers Ferry Create a 2 sided political cartoon Front – – Illustrate a political cartoon demonstrating Northerners reaction to John Brown attacking Harpers Ferry Back – Illustrate a political cartoon demonstrating Southerners reaction to John Brown attacking Harpers Ferry

34. John Brown Do you agree or disagree with the consequence John Brown received? Draw your answer with captions.

35. Ch.15.4 Academic Vocabulary platform secede Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis Crittenden Plan A statement of beliefs To formally withdraw from the Union Confederation formed by the seceded Southern states President of the Confederacy A failed compromise plan to prevent secession, outlawing slavery north of the 36 30 line all the way west to the Pacific Ocean. (Extension of Missouri Compromise)

36. Ch.15.4 Lincoln's Election and Southern Secession The election of Lincoln leads the Southern states to secede from the Union Political Parties Splinter – 1. What parties nominated presidential candidates in 1860? Northern, Southern Democrats disagree about slavery in party’s platform. – Platform statement of beliefs – Southern Democrats want platform to defend slavery – Northern Democrats want platform to support popular sovereignty – Northerners win platform, 50 Southerners walk out of convention Northern democrats Stephen A. Douglas for president Southern democrats nominate John Breckinridge Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln Constitutional Union Party nominates John Bell

37. Election of 1860 List the major beliefs of each candidate 1.Northern democrats Stephen A. Douglas for president 2.Southern democrats nominate John Breckinridge 3.Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln 4.Constitutional Union Party nominates John Bell Now explain who you would have voted on based on their beliefs. Defend your answer.

38. Ch.15.4 Lincoln's Election and Southern Secession The election of Lincoln leads the Southern states to secede from the Union The Election of 1860 – 2. How did white Southerners view Lincoln’s election as president? In 1860 election turns into 2 races: one in the North, other in the South Abraham Lincoln defeats Stephen A. Douglas in the North John Breckinridge defeats John Bell in the South Lincoln received the most electoral, popular votes, wins election Southerners view Republican victory as a threat to their way of life

39. Ch.15.4 Lincoln's Election and Southern Secession The election of Lincoln leads the Southern states to secede from the Union Southern States Secede – 3. What was the Confederacy? South Carolina secedes – withdraws from the union (1860) – 6 more Southern states soon join South Carolina in secession – Form the Confederate States of America (1861) Name Jefferson Davis president of the Confederacy Draft Confederate Constitution which: – Supports states’ rights – Protects slavery in Confederacy, territories it might acquire

40. Ch.15.4 Lincoln's Election and Southern Secession The election of Lincoln leads the Southern states to secede from the Union The Union Responds to Secession – 4. What did Northerners say about Southern attempts to secede? Northerners consider secession of Southern states unconstitutional President James Buchanan believes states do not have right to secede South claims North will use their majority to abolish slavery North claims South does not want to live by the rules of democracy

41. Ch.15.4 Lincoln's Election and Southern Secession The election of Lincoln leads the Southern states to secede from the Union Efforts to Compromise Fail – 5. What issues did President Lincoln speak to in his inaugural address? Senator John C. Crittenden develops compromise, the Crittenden Plan Plan does not pass; Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated (March 4, 1861) Lincoln is against secession but does not want to invade the South – Inaugural address – He assured the South that he would not abolish slavery there, and he spoke against secession Union forts in South including Fort Sumter, need to be resupplied.

42. Ch.15 Visual Summary Draw the timeline of the “Nation Breaking Apart” on p. 476 For each date – briefly explain what it was (no plagiarism) and draw a little picture. – Slavery 1846 – Wilmot Proviso 1850 Compromise of 1850 1854 – Kansas – Nebraska Act 1855 – “Bleeding Kansas” 1856 – Caining of Sumner 1857 – Dred Scott v. Sanford 1859 – Attack on Harper’s Ferry 1860 – Presidential Election – Secession