1. Imperial Russia

2. Russia Divided For hundreds of years Russia’s population was divided into groups of very rich and very poor.

3. Golden Horde Mongol conquerors that defeated the princes of Muscovy Dominated Russia for 250 years Collected heavy taxes and forced Russians to serve in the Mongol army.

4. Czar Another term for Emperor Imperial Crown of Russia

5. The first Czar (Tsar), Ivan the Terrible Overthrew the Golden Horde by 1480 Built the famous Kremlin in Moscow which house St. Basil’s Cathedral and serves their government center much like our White House.

6. Peter the Great Started to bring Western European ideas and culture to Russia Believed that Russia must have good seaports to become a world power Built St. Petersberg, the new capital, as a “window on the west.”

7. Catherine the Great The arts flourished in Russia. She encouraged science and literature as well. Expanded Russia’s Border

8. Westernization A process of becoming more like Western Europe.

9. Alexander II Freed the serfs and gave them their own land. The serfs had to pays high taxes to the nobles. Towns were given more control over their own affairs

10. Nicholas II Forced to share his power with a Russian congress after the mass killing known as Bloody Sunday where government troops shot protestors The last czar of Russia overthrown by organized revolutionaries in 1917

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