1. Do now: What is Imperialism? The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, cultural or military control over weaker territories

2. Why Imperialism? To gain new markets and raw materials To display power and military strength Nationalism Nationalism - belief in cultural superiority Between the mid 1800’s to mid 1900’s a handful of European countries, and the United States, seized control of vast areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America

3. 20 th Century Empires

4. Seward’s Folly March 30 th, 1867 U.S. Secretary of State, William H. Seward purchased Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 Million (about 2 cents per acre) Some Americans ridiculed the purchase as “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox” A few decades later it was discovered the land was rich in resources by containing gold, copper and oil

5. Use textbook (p.599 – 603) to complete the following: Acquiring Hawaii  1. Why did the U.S. want Hawaii?  2. What groups of Americans wanted Hawaii? Why?  3. What was the “Bayonet Constitution”  4. Describe the events after the Bayonet Constitution that led to the annexation of Hawaii U.S. Involvement in China  Define the following: Spheres of influence Open Door Policy The Boxer Rebellion

6. Queen Liliuokalani

7. China Weakened by war and foreign intervention. Weakened by war and foreign intervention. Many countries established prosperous settlements along China’s coast Many countries established prosperous settlements along China’s coast U.S. did not want to be left out U.S. did not want to be left out Open Door Notes – A letter to the imperialist nations proposing that they share trading rights with the United States Open Door Notes – A letter to the imperialist nations proposing that they share trading rights with the United States

8. Spanish-American War (1898) Background info  Cubans seek independence, revolt against colonial power Spain (1868-1878) – unsuccessful  2 nd rebellion begins in 1895  Reports emerge that the Spanish, led by General Veleriano Weyler are committing atrocities against the Cubans  Many Americans sympathize with Cuban cause  Spanish government becomes more open to giving equal rights, and eventually independence, to Cubans – Spanish loyalists riot in response  United States sends the battleship, USS Maine, to Havana

9. Do you agree or disagree with the statement below? Explain “The newspaper is the greatest force in civilization…Newspapers form and express public opinion. They suggest and control legislation. They declare wars. They punish criminals, especially the powerful. They reward with approving publicity the good deeds of citizens everywhere. The newspapers control the nation because they REPRESENT THE PEOPLE.”  William Randolph Hearst

10. Yellow Journalism American journalists exaggerated Spanish atrocities to enrage readers Joseph Pulitzer – New York World William Randolph Hearst – New York Journal

11. De Lome Letter Published in Hearst’s New York Journal – February 9 th, 1898 Enrique Dupuy de Lôme “Besides the ingrained and inevitable bluntness (grosería) with which is repeated all that the press and public opinion in Spain have said about Weyler, it once more shows what McKinley is, weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd besides being a would- be politician (politicastro) who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.”

12. U.S.S. Maine Explodes – 260 Killed: February 15, 1898

14. "Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain."

15. Increasing hostility b/w Spain and U.S. Yellow Journalism – American journalists exaggerated Spanish atrocities to enrage readers De Lome Letter – Spanish minister to the U.S., Enrique Dupuy de Lome, criticized President McKinley in a private letter leaked to media U.S.S. Maine – American ship blows up in the harbor of Havana, many blame Spain Factors Increasing hostility Yellow Journalism U.S.S. Maine explodes The De Lome Letter

16. Why did the U.S. have interests in Cuba?

17. Apr 20, 1898: McKinley asks for declaration of war with Spain

18. War with Spain Erupts U.S. attacks Spain in the Philippines (colony of Spain) – April 30, 1898 Win decisive victory Filipino rebels join forces with Americans

19. U.S. attacks Spain in Cuba – June 1898 Small U.S. Army (~17,000 troops) defeats Spain in Cuba (included 4 African-American regiments) Rough Riders – Volunteer cavalry led by Theodore Roosevelt

20. Treaty of Paris At peace talks:  Spain frees Cuba  Turns over islands of Guam and Puerto Rico to the U.S.  Sells Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million

21. Platt Amendment – Included in Cuban Constitution in exchange for the U.S. removing troops from Cuba:  Limited Cuba’s freedom to make treaties with other countries and authorized the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs as it saw necessary  Required Cuba to sell or lease land to the U.S. for naval and fueling stations Protectorate –  Country dependent on another for protection Foraker Act –  Established that Puerto Rico’s governor and upper house of the legislature would be appointed by the U.S.; Puerto Ricans would elect a lower house

23. Panama Canal Many Americans wanted a canal cutting across Central America Shortcut for military and commercial ships (saves time and money)

24. Panama Canal The ideal route passed through Panama, which at the time was a province of Colombia Colombia negotiated with US to build canal, but held out for better terms U.S. helped organize a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia, led by Philippe Bunau-Varilla On November 3, 1903, Panama declared its independence (Hay – Bunau – Varilla Treaty) Signed treaty with United States in which the U.S. agreed to pay Panama $10 million plus annual rent of $250,000 – (Hay – Bunau – Varilla Treaty)

26. Constructing the Canal Work began in 1904, and on August 15, 1914 the canal was open for business At the height of construction 43,400 workers were employed 5,600 workers on the canal died from accidents or disease Total cost: $380 million

27. Roosevelt Corollary Monroe Doctrine  Announced by President Monroe in 1823  Warned European nations against expanding their influence in the Western hemisphere Roosevelt Corollary - 1904  Added to the Monroe Doctrine  Pres. Roosevelt warned that disorder in Latin America might “force the U.S….to the exercise of an international police power.”  The U.S. would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America

28. US armies invaded Mexico to catch bandit/revolutionary Pancho Villa, who was organizing raids into American territory during the Mexican Revolution US intervention in Mexico

30. What is anti-imperialism? Read p. 556 – 557 “Debate Over the Treaty” Quickly answer the following question: Many anti-imperialists worried that imperialism might threaten the American democratic system. How might this happen?  Imperialism does not consider the rights of native peoples  Violates basic rights granted to Americans by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution