1. Storytelling Methods & Resources Learn about Methods

2. Storytelling Methods JournalingDigital StorytellingGroup Storytelling

3. Journaling

4. Introduction The journaling techniques described in this section can be used with any journaling type: Paper journals Electronic documents Blogs – private or public (see free blog platforms) Journaling Last Slide Visited

5. Transformative Storytelling Elements Click on the first element of transformative storytelling to see how journaling supports it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Journaling

6. Creating Safety with Journaling Last Slide Visited

7. Common Student Fears “I’m not a good writer” “I’m not sure what I’m expected to do.” “I feel like I’m not doing this right.” “I’m worried what the teacher will think about my writing.” “I’m worried that the teacher will share my journals with others without my permission…that would be so embarrassing.” “If the teacher disagrees with my opinions, I might get a bad grade.” Last Slide Visited Journaling

8. Post-Structural Journaling Post-structural journaling can create safety & calm students’ fears. Principles: “…full meaning and clarity are not possible,” so students should not feel inadequate if their writing does not reach any profound conclusions. There is no one right way to write. Journaling should be a safe way for students to explore thoughts, ideas and stories. Last Slide Visited Journaling

9. Post-Structural Journaling Provide students with… Writing prompts to help them explore ideas. Make any guidelines clear but avoid rigid criteria. Last Slide Visited Journaling

10. Post-Structural Journaling Reassure students that… They are free to write whatever ideas, thoughts or stories they wish. They will not be graded based on the content of their journals. Their confidentiality will be protected: they do not have to share their journals with their peers if they don’t want to. Last Slide Visited Journaling

11. Click on the second element of transformative storytelling to see how journaling supports it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Journaling Transformative Storytelling Elements

12. Detaching from the Story with Journaling Last Slide Visited

13. Dialogue Journaling Students choose a story, person, prejudice, or object with which to engage in written dialogue (using a writing prompt).writing prompt The students take on both sides of the dialogue. In the process, students will ideally recognize that they are more than their stories: they are the author of their stories. Last Slide Visited Journaling

14. Click on the third element of transformative storytelling to see how journaling supports it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Journaling Transformative Storytelling Elements

15. Mindfully Reflecting with Journaling Last Slide Visited

16. Freewriting Exercise Freewriting helps students let go of judging or filtering their thoughts. Give students a writing prompt, and ask them to write without stopping for a certain amount of time (e.g., 5 minutes, 10 minutes, etc.).writing prompt Remind them to let go of editing and simply write, practicing non- judgmental observation. Last Slide Visited Journaling

17. Double-Entry Notebook 1. Students use a notebook (or laptop) that can easily be carried anywhere. 2. Given a writing prompt, students record their observations and stories on the left side of their open notebook.writing prompt 3. On the facing page, students record interpretations, comments, alternative stories, revisions, etc. Last Slide Visited Journaling

18. Double-Entry Notebook Last Slide Visited Journaling Left PageFacing Page

19. Interviewing Students can view their story from a new perspective by interviewing people who intersect with their stories: Family members Significant others Teachers Friends Neighbors Last Slide Visited Journaling

20. Click on the fourth element of transformative storytelling to see how journaling supports it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Journaling Transformative Storytelling Elements

21. Transforming the Story with Journaling Last Slide Visited

22. Dialogue Journaling Encourage students to use the right side of the dialogue journal to write many different interpretations of their stories. Last Slide Visited Journaling Left PageFacing Page

23. Blogging Students can choose to change their privacy settings and invite others to give feedback on their stories in the form of comments. Peer feedback gives students new perspectives on their stories Last Slide Visited Journaling

24. Instructor Feedback Students sometimes benefit more from receiving thoughtful instructor feedback, as it can provide more guidance for further reflection. The Brown Educational Guide to Analysis of Narrative (BEGAN) model was designed to help instructors give high quality feedback to students. Last Slide Visited Journaling

25. BEGAN MODEL Instructors read the student’s entry carefully, without making notes, to gain an overall impression of the text. Instructors reread the text, noting significant excerpts: student reflections, limiting aspects of stories, etc. Instructors provide feedback, pointing out possible areas for further exploration and reflective questions for the student. Instructors edit and critique their own responses before sending or returning feedback. Last Slide Visited Journaling

26. Students often fear and dread revision. They may also view it as an obstacle to what they perceive as the “real” goal: a polished assignment. To foster transformation, students need to shift their paradigm on revision: Transformative Revision Handout.Transformative Revision Handout Revisionary Rhetoric Last Slide Visited Journaling

27. Digital Storytelling Last Slide Visited

28. Introduction Digital stories consist of any combination of images, text, audio recordings and video. A variety of software can be used, including audio recording software, iMovie, PowerPoint and blogs. Digital stories can be shared in person or through online platforms, such as VoiceThread. Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

29. To view examples of digital stories, visit the Center for Digital Storytelling YouTube channel: http ://www.youtube.com/user/CenterOfTheStory http ://www.youtube.com/user/CenterOfTheStory Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling Introduction

30. The following resources offer TutorialsTutorials on digital storytelling basics, VoiceThread iMovie and a link to a free audio recording software.link Resources for gathering media: Basic copyright guidelines Royalty-free music Royalty-free photos Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling Introduction

31. Click on the first element of transformative storytelling to see how digital storytelling supports it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling Transformative Storytelling Elements

32. Creating Safety with Digital Storytelling Last Slide Visited

33. Sharing Stories Online If students share their digital stories through an online platform, they should be aware of the privacy settings. It’s ideal to share stories in a closed group (only students and faculty are allowed to view the stories). Even in a closed group, students can reproduce, alter or share their peers’ digital stories (e.g., for the purpose of bullying). Encourage students to practice respect and to preserve each other’s confidentiality. Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

34. Student Confidentiality Students may wish to exercise further measures to ensure their confidentiality. There are multiple ways to do this: Create a false identity (modify identifying features in the digital story such as the student’s name, location, etc.) Students can use stock images (versus personal images) in their digital stories. Encourage students to be creative in their use of stock images. An image can be used as a metaphor to convey an emotional context and several layers of meaning. Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

35. Mindful Listening A common fear of students when sharing stories is receiving judgmental or disrespectful responses from peers. To address this fear, students can agree to practice mindful listening. Students can use the Mindful Listening Handout as a guide.Mindful Listening Handout Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

36. Click on the second element of transformative storytelling to see how digital storytelling supports it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Transformative Storytelling Elements Digital Storytelling

37. Detaching from the Story with Digital Storytelling Last Slide Visited

38. Free-Association Free association can be thought of as a form of play. It is a non-linear, chaotic process. Instead of choosing media that fit a pre-written story, students explore and experiment with media. The media and the story are written concurrently in a back- and-forth process. Students must let go of control in this process and trust that the story will emerge through their media scavenger hunt. Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

39. Click on the third element of transformative storytelling to see how digital storytelling supports it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Journaling Transformative Storytelling Elements

40. Mindfully Reflecting with Digital Storytelling Last Slide Visited

41. Reflecting on Media The media that students select to tell their digital stories offer a rich source of reflection as “memory is produced through objects, images, representations. These are technologies of memory, not vessels of memory in which memory passively resides…” Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

42. VoiceThread An online platform called VoiceThread allows students to collectively reflect on the meaning of their images. Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

43. VoiceThreadVoiceThread allows students to share digital stories. Students can upload a video or use VoiceThread’s built in recording capabilities to create a narrated slideshow. Students then receive peer feedback in the form of text, audio, webcam or drawing. Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling VoiceThread

44. Digital Story Comments can be viewed by clicking on users Buttons for recording/uploa ding comments Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling VoiceThread Interface

45. VoiceThread VoiceThread, while not allowing for interactive discussion (students cannot choose to respond directly to another user’s comment), allows for reflective responses. Students can share either individual images that they would like to reflect on, or share their entire digital story. Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

46. Playing with Layers of Media Another way students can reflect is by noticing how different layers of media (e.g., audio narration vs. still images) in their digital stories convey different meanings. As an example, one woman created a digital story about her decision to move away from her mother in China to pursue a life in Canada. “…as she describes to her mother in the voice-over her reasons for wanting to come to Canada we are shown image after image of China, images that seem to stand in contrast to the narrator’s insistence on her journey to what she calls ‘the new world’,” (Rose, 2009, 216). Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

47. Students are often unconscious of the different stories that they simultaneously tell. One way of making them conscious is by asking them to watch/present their story with one layer of media removed. For instance, ask students to play their digital story with their audio narration muted. Students may be very surprised to discover that their stories are more layered and complex than they were aware! Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling Playing with Layers of Media

48. Click on the fourth element of transformative storytelling to see how digital storytelling supports it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Transformative Storytelling Elements Digital Storytelling

49. Transforming the Story with Digital Storytelling Last Slide Visited

50. Transforming the Story Students often experience insight and new perspective from the mindful reflection exercises just described (sharing and feedback through Voicethread & layers of media activity). Ask students to create new digital stories based on these insights. The digital form makes them easily accessible for students to access in the future. Encourage them to continually revisit, reflect on and revise their digital stories. Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

51. Wikis Last Slide Visited

52. A wiki is a web document (made up of a network of different pages created by its users) that a group of people edit together. Several free wiki programs are geared toward educators.free wiki programs Wikis Last Slide Visited Introduction

53. There are 3 basic functions: Editing – students can create, organize and edit a network of web documents, including pages that a fellow student created. History – students can view the history of all edits for any given page, allowing them to view how their story evolved. Chat – in addition to writing comments on the wiki pages, students can use the live-chat function available in most wikis. Last Slide Visited Wikis

54. Wiki platforms are intuitive and easy to use. Editing a page is much like working on a word document: Last Slide Visited Wikis Introduction

55. Wikis are an ideal place for students to enrich one another’s stories with multiple possibilities and perspectives: The digital format allows and encourages frequent collaborative story revision. Students can provide each other with a variety of in-depth feedback in the form of chat, documents, links or photos. Students have easy access to one another’s stories. Last Slide Visited Wikis Introduction

56. Click on the first element of transformative storytelling to see how wikis support it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Wikis Transformative Storytelling Elements

57. Creating Safety with Wikis Last Slide Visited

58. Co-Authoring & Sharing Students will not feel safe if they are disclosing information that is too personal or risky in nature. To address this fear, instructors can remind students that they do not need to share any stories that they do not feel comfortable or safe indisclosing. Students should also attempt to make their peers feel safe by providing supportive statements and constructive feedback. The Guideline for Collaborative Storytelling in Wikis handout outlines sharing and feedback guidelines for students. Last Slide Visited Wikis

59. Click on the second element of transformative storytelling to see how wikis support it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Transformative Storytelling Elements Wikis

60. Detaching from the Story with Wikis Last Slide Visited

61. Receiving Feedback As students write their stories, they will likely think about how their story will be received by their peers. This can serve as a source of anxiety or an opportunity for reflection. The “receiving feedback” section of the Guideline for Collaborative Storytelling in Wikis helps students turn fearful thoughts (e.g., “I wonder if my peers will judge my story if they see it from ‘x’ perspective”) into prompts for personal reflection (e.g., I wonder if my peers will see my story from ‘x’ perspective…I wonder what my story would look like from here…”). Last Slide Visited Wikis

62. Click on the third element of transformative storytelling to see how wikis support it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Transformative Storytelling Elements Wikis

63. Mindfully Reflecting with Wikis Last Slide Visited

64. Peer Prompts In wikis, a major source of reflection comes from peers’ feedback. The Guideline for Collaborative Storytelling in Wikis handout will help students formulate reflective questions for one another. Last Slide Visited Wikis

65. Click on the fourth element of transformative storytelling to see how wikis support it, or explore any of the four elements: Creating Safety Detaching from the Story Mindful Reflection Transforming the Story Last Slide Visited Transformative Storytelling Elements Wikis

66. Transforming the Story with Wikis Last Slide Visited

67. Instructor Prompts As a facilitator, you can also encourage reflection by asking questions that make students aware of the temporal quality of their stories: that they take place on the plane of time and are therefore changeable. Examples of temporality questions: When did you first develop your story, and how has it shaped your past? How has your story shaped your present? How might your story change in the future? Last Slide Visited Wikis

68. The Guideline for Collaborative Storytelling in Wikis handout encourages students to prompt one another to see their story in a new light. As a facilitator, you can assign students to use these prompts as inspiration for a new draft or reflection on their story. Or, you can let students decide which feedback they would like to respond to. Last Slide Visited Wikis Peer Prompts

69. Encouraging Agency Ideally, students should gain a sense of agency through group storytelling in the wiki. As facilitator, you can help guide students by helping them see that they are the author of their stories, and that there are many different ways of looking at their stories. Last Slide Visited Wikis

70. Body Scan Last Slide Visited

71. Writing Prompts Reflection:http://www.hpregional.org/departments/english /mhassenplug/100%20topics.htmlhttp://www.hpregional.org/departments/english /mhassenplug/100%20topics.html Defining moments in one’s life://www.tengrrl.com/tens/019.shtmlCreative prompts for revision: http://www.philawordshop.com/onebook.html://www.tengrrl.com/tens/019.shtmlCreative prompts for revision: http://www.philawordshop.com/onebook.html Creative revision:http://www.philawordshop.com/onebook.htmlhttp://www.philawordshop.com/onebook.html Revision http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/cblp/overall/curri culum_materials/Revision_Prompts.pdf http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/cblp/overall/curri culum_materials/Revision_Prompts.pdf Last Slide Visited

72. Blogging Programs For this year’s top 10 blogging programs and side-by-side comparisons, visit the Tech Media Network: http://blog- software-review.toptenreviews.com/http://blog- software-review.toptenreviews.com/ The following are open-source and quality blog programs: Wordpress: http://wordpress.org/http://wordpress.org/ Typepad: http://www.typepad.com/http://www.typepad.com/ Blogger: https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?service=blogger&passive =1209600&continue=http://www.blogger.com/home&followup=h ttp://www.blogger.com/home&ltmpl=start#s01 https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?service=blogger&passive =1209600&continue=http://www.blogger.com/home&followup=h ttp://www.blogger.com/home&ltmpl=start#s01 Last Slide Visited Journaling

73. Tutorials & Tools This website, from the Graduate School of Library and Information Science University of Illinois provides an introductory guide to the basics of storytelling: http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~jevogel2/lis506/howto.html http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~jevogel2/lis506/howto.html VoiceThread Basics: http://webinars.voicethread.com/about/features/ http://webinars.voicethread.com/about/features/ The following tutorial on how to create a simple digital story using still pictures in iMovie may also prove a useful starting point for students: http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~jevogel2/lis506/howto.html http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~jevogel2/lis506/howto.html Students may wish to take advantage of free audio recording software, called Audacity: http://audacity.sourceforge.net/http://audacity.sourceforge.net/ Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

74. Resources for Gathering Media Basic copyright guidelines: http://www.thecopyrightsite.org/faq.html http://www.thecopyrightsite.org/faq.html Royalty-free music: Multiple sources: http://www.royaltyfreemusic.com/free- music-resources.htmlhttp://www.royaltyfreemusic.com/free- music-resources.html MP3’s: www.mp3.com/top-downloads/www.mp3.com/top-downloads/ Royalty free photos Flickr Creative Commons: www.flickr.com/creativecommons www.flickr.com/creativecommons morgueFile: www.morguefile.com/www.morguefile.com/ Last Slide Visited Digital Storytelling

75. Resources: Wiki Platforms Wikis are also very intuitive to learn, use and set up. There are several free wiki platforms on the web that are geared toward educators (downloading software is not necessary). These wiki platforms provide guides to getting started and managing the wikis. The most popular are listed first: Pbworks: http://pbworks.com/pbworks-basic-edition http://pbworks.com/pbworks-basic-edition Wikispaces: http://www.wikispaces.com/content/teacher http://www.wikispaces.com/content/teacher WikiMatrix: http://www.wikimatrix.org/ http://www.wikimatrix.org/ Wetpaint: http://wikisineducation.wetpaint.com/http://wikisineducation.wetpaint.com/ Springnote: http://www.springnote.com/en http://www.springnote.com/en Last Slide Visited Wikis

76. Storytelling Methods & Resources Visit Transformative Storytelling Resource Guide