1. Definition of Boilers Boiler –Vessel that heats water to become hot water or steam –At atmospheric pressure water volume increases 1,600 times –Hot water or steam used to transfer heat to a process

2. Types of Boilers 1.Fire Tube Boiler 2.Water Tube Boiler 3.Packaged Boiler 4.Fluidized Bed (FBC) Boiler 5.Stoker Fired Boiler 6.Pulverized Fuel Boiler 7.Waste Heat Boiler 8.Thermic Fluid Heater (not a boiler!)

3. Boilers for Various Applications

4. Boilers 1.Babcock and Wilcox 2.Benson 3.Cochran 4.Cornish 5.Lamont 6.Lancashire 7.Stirling 8.Velox

5. Boilers based on Firing (Light Rail Transit Association) 1. Fire Tube Boiler is Relatively small steam capacities (12,000 kg/hour) Low to medium steam pressures (18 kg/cm 2 ) Operates with oil, gas or solid fuels

6. Type of Boilers 2. Water Tube Boiler is (Your Dictionary.com) Used for high steam demand and pressure requirements Capacity range of 4,500 – 120,000 kg/hour Combustion efficiency enhanced by induced draft provisions Lower tolerance for water quality and needs water treatment plant

7. Assessment of a Boiler Heat Balance Balancing total energy entering a boiler against the energy that leaves the boiler in different forms Heat in Steam BOILER Heat loss due to dry flue gas Heat loss due to steam in flue gas Heat loss due to moisture in fuel Heat loss due to un-burnts in residue Heat loss due to moisture in air Heat loss due to radiation & other unaccounted loss 12.7 % 8.1 % 1.7 % 0.3 % 2.4 % 1.0 % 73.8 % 100.0 % Fuel 73.8 %

8. Mountings and Accessories Fitting and devices which are necessary for the safety and control are knows as boiler mountings Fitting or devices which are provided to increase the efficiency of the boiler and help in the smooth working of the plant are knows as boiler accessories

10. Fittings - Safety  Water level indicators  Safety valves  Combined high steam and low water safety valve  Fusible plug

11. Fittings - Control  Pressure gauge  Junction or stop valve  Feed check valve  Blow-off cock  Man hole and Mud Box