1. Darwin Hall Evergreen Oil Inc. September 18, 2012
Re-refining 101
Darwin Hall
Evergreen Oil Inc.
September 18, 2012

2. Outline/Objective Refining Terminology Basic Understanding of Refining
Basic Understanding of Re-refining
Not to make you all refiners
Benefits of Re-Refining ULO
Used Lubricating Oils

3. Refining Terminology
Feedstock – What you put into the plant i.e., Used oil, Crude oil
Barrel – 42 Gallons
Lube Stream – section of the refinery that produces lubricant base oil
Distillation – the process of heating a liquid until it boils to separate liquids of various boiling points, capturing and condensing the resultant hot vapors
Hydrotreating – A process designed to remove contaminants such as sulfur and nitrogen and saturate hydrocarbons to improve quality
Hydrocracking – A process by which the hydrocarbon molecules of petroleum are broken into smaller molecules
Petroleum Coke – is a solid substance rich in carbon derived from the cracking process
Reactors – are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions

4. Refining Terminology
Fractions – cuts of product drawn from a fractionator
Light Hydrocarbons – related to re-refining: can be gasoline mixed in with used oil
Vacuum Gas Oil – A feedstock used for further refining (aka lube distillate)
Base Oil/Base Stock – product produced by a lube stream, sometimes called petroleum fractions
Viscosity – a measure of the resistance to flow
Blender – lubricant manufacturer that takes base oil and additives and blends them into lubricant products
API Specifications – American Petroleum Institute Specification requirements for lubricants

5. Conventional Refinery
What’s different?
Conventional Refinery
“It’s A Baby Refinery”
Re-refinery

6. Typical Crude Refinery

7. Crude Oil Distillation

8. A Gallon of Used Oil
Impurities
VGO / Lube Distillate 73%
Water 5%
Light Fuel (Gasoline like) 5%
Heavy Fuel (Raw Gas Oil) 4%
Hydrotreater
The re-refining process removes all the impurities and contaminants acquired by the oil during its use.
Asphalt Flux 13%
Group II Base Oil

10. Chemical Reactor
Chemical reactors are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions
Mixing and/or heating is often used to promote the chemical reaction
Reacted Species
Reactive Species
Reaction
Unreactive Species

12. Dewatering and Defueling
Raise the temperature of the oil in order to boil off the water and light hydrocarbons which have a low boiling point

14. Distillation Column: Gas Oil Separation
Distillation is separating fluids based on their boiling point
Distillation is a more precise method of separating liquids with similar boiling points
This is done by boiling at the proper temperature
The temperatures go from the highest at the bottom to the coolest at the top

17. Wiped Film Evaporator
The raw material is heated up on the internal surface of a heated shell until the component with a lower boiling point starts to evaporate
These vapors are then liquefied on the cold tubes of a condenser
Lube Distillate and Asphalt Flux are separated in this process

18. Contaminants Removed

19. Hydrotreating
The removal of sulfur and nitrogen from the oil and saturation of the oil by a process using hydrogen and a catalyst at high temperature and pressure H S R H H H R S H R C R C H H

21. Re-refining: Products and Byproducts
Light Hydrocarbons
Gas oil
VGO / Lube Distillate  Intermediate product or product without a hydrotreater
Asphalt Flux
Base Oil
Can be used as plant fuel

22. Crude Oil
A barrel of oil contains 42 gallons of crude. During the refining process, additives increase the "refined yield" of the barrel. In the end, about 44 gallons of various products are produced from each barrel.

23. What is in a Barrel of Crude Oil California Crude
Product
Percent of Total
Finished Motor Gasoline
51.4%
Distillate Fuel Oil
15.3%
Jet Fuel
12.3%
Still Gas
5.4%
Marketable Coke
5.0%
Residual Fuel Oil
3.3%
Liquefied Refinery Gas
2.8%
Asphalt and Road Oil
1.7%
Other Refined Products
1.5%
Lubricants
0.9%

24. Barrel of Crude Oil

25. Breakdown of what that barrel of oil creates:
 22.6 gallons of gasoline — enough to drive 622 miles in the average American car
 6.7 gallons of diesel — enough to drive 41.7 miles in a tractor-trailer
 5.5 gallons of jet fuel — not enough to fly a fully loaded 747 one mile. You'll get about 0.95 miles
 2.4 gallons of "still gas," a mixture of gas produced in refineries
 2.2 gallons of "marketable coke," a residue used in the production of aluminum anodes, furnace electrodes and liners and shaped graphite products
 1.5 gallons of fuel oil, often used for heating or for fueling locomotives, ships and for power generation systems

26. Breakdown of what that barrel of oil creates:
1.5 gallons of fuel oil
Used for heating or for fueling locomotives, ships and for power generation systems
1.2 gallons of liquefied gas
Used in heating appliances and vehicles, and increasingly replacing chlorofluorocarbons as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant
 0.8 gallons of asphalt
0.4 gallons of lubricants
 0.7 gallons of other products

27. Real items made from the barrel of Crude:
 4 pounds of charcoal briquettes
 12 cylinders of propane
 170 wax birthday candles
 A quart of motor oil
 Petrochemicals used in the productions of all kinds of pharmaceuticals, plastics, cosmetics and foodstuffs.

28. Benefits of Re-Refining Use Oil
Lubricating oil
Never Wears Out
Comprises less than 1% of a Barrel of Crude Oil
Hi value -limited volume
Re-refining is the best Reuse of Used Oil
Environmentally Friendly, Reduces:
Air and environmental pollution
Energy use associated with crude oil refining
Dependence on foreign oil reserves

29. What is re-refined oil? Used oil never wears out - it just gets dirty
Used motor oil is distilled and hydrotreated to remove contaminants
Dirt, fuel, and water are removed, and the oil is distilled to separate light and heavy oils.
Three products are made:
Asphalt flux (roofing materials),
Gas oil (refinery fuel)
Base oil
Sold to blenders, who combine the base oils with additives to make finished lubricants like motor oil, transmission fluid and grease.
Re-refined oil is the finished blend of base oils with additives and may be 100% re-refined content or blended with virgin base oil.
Used oil can be re-refined over and over
Used oil never wears out - it just gets dirty

30. Why Re-Refine Used Oil?
Globally, approximately 69 percent of the finished lubricant demand is converted into used oil. Of the total used oil collected, 78 percent is consumed as industrial fuel and 16 percent is re-refined 8% is processed by Distillation, finds the recently released study “Global Used Oil 2009: Market Analysis and Opportunities” from global consulting and research firm Kline & Company.
In North America, approximately 1 billion gallons of used oil are collected annually from generators
For example quick lubes, truck fleets, and manufacturers.
10 -18% of this volume is Re-Refined into lubricating oil.
The majority of the used oil collected is sold as fuel
to asphalt plants, electric utilities, and other industrial burners. Burning used oil causes the resource to be consumed, and is harmful to the environment

31. Lube oil is a premium substance
Lube oil is a premium substance which can be re-refined and reused time and again.
Re-refined oils carrying the API logo meet the same high quality standards as lube oils made from crude. In addition, re-refined oils are comparable in price to virgin oils.
Most of the used motor oil taken to oil collection centers is not truly recycled. It is burned as an Industrial fuel
10-18 % is re-refined (recycled) to make new high quality motor oils.

32. Why would you Burn it? Lube Oil is Mother Nature’s True
Renewable Resource
The Lube Molecule is Created Once
It is not Planted and Grown
It does not need the Sun
It does not need Wind
IT JUST NEEDS TO BE CLEANED AFTER USE!
Why would you Burn it?

33. Burning
Used Oil
Burning used oil is a primary contributor to the terrestrial and human toxicity impacts
Used Oil combusted as fuel has contamination potentials calculated to be
150 times higher than Re-refining
5 times higher than Distillation.

34. Why Re-Refine Used Oil?
Re-refining and distillation methods and associated product markets should be strongly supported because they are environmentally preferable to the combustion of unprocessed used oil as fuel
Environmental Assessment of Used
Oil Management Methods
B O B B O U G H T O N *
California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of
Toxic Substances Control, Office of Pollution Prevention and
Technology Development

35. Why Re-Refine Used Oil?
A recent study by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. EPA that found it takes up to 85 percent less energy to re-refine used oil compared to manufacturing base oil from crude.
Every 100,000 gallons of oil collected, re-refined and re-used, prevents more than 1,080 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions.
Re-refining is not new
U.S. Military has used Re-refined lubricants for nearly two decades on a global basis .
Re-refined lubricants are also used in state trooper vehicles, emergency vehicles and U.S. Postal Service fleets in many markets across the United States.

36. Used Oil to any one who is not a
Why would you send your
Used Oil to any one who is not a
Re-Refiner?
EVERGREEN OIL

37. www.evergreenoil.com (949)440-8312
Thank You
Questions
Evergreen Oil Inc.
(949)