1. College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015 – 2016/2017 POLI 112 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS Sessions 7&8 : Bureaucracy Lecturer: Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO, Department of Political Science

2. Bureaucracy Defined The term is used derogatorily to connotes red-tepeism and the needless following of excessive long and winding rules and procedures that breeds delays, undermine productivity and incur public displeasure However, Max Weber who formulated the Ideal-Type meant well. He wanted an orderly conduct of state business in a manner that promotes efficiency and productivity More generally, however, bureaucracy refers to a complex organization assigned to perform specific task and in politics, it is known as the administrative machinery of the state comprising the massed ranks of civil servants and public officials who are charged with the task of assisting in formulating and execution of government policies and business Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO, Dept of Political Science, UG Slide 2

3. Features of The Ideal-Type Bureacracy The Ideal-Type Bureaucracy has the following features Rational and Calculable Rules Impersonality Permanence Anonymity Neutrality Meritocracy Proper Filing system Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO Dept of Political Science, UG. Slide 3 It is for example practiced in Britain while the

4. Bureaucratic Structures Government bureaucracies are organized into a variety of institutions. There are three main organizational forms through which bureaucratic authority is exercised. These organizational forms are: Government Departments; Regulatory Agencies; and State-Owned Corporations A key distinction among these bureaucratic structures has to do with the extent to which each of them is subject to ministerial control and direction Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO Dept of Political Science, UG Slide 4

5. Importance of the Ideal-Type Bureacracy Effective formulation and implementation of policies Effective delivery of services and increased productivity Democratic as in treats all equal Certainty of rules and precision in decision making Reduction of the use of abusive discretion Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO Dept of Political Science, UG Slide 5

6. Criticism of the Ideal-Type Bureaucracy Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO Dept of Political Science, UG Slide 6 Rigid application of rules ushers bureaucrats into a regime of robots It undermines the use of worker discretion It disregard the invaluable role and contributions of informal rules and dysfunctional relations It leads to unnecessary delays in service delivery It breeds corruption and bribery It makes bureaucrats abusive, overly powerful and dictatorial in their dealings with the public Some bureaucrats may also hide under the cloak of anonymity to ill-advice and sabotage governments

7. Political Control of the Bureaucracy Even though bureaucrats are powerful and are expected to play a role as the administrative machinery, they are subject to the control of politicians. Politicians do so through the following mechanisms: Turnover of senior bureaucrats by new governments The use of personal advisers and aides Having clear policy objectives and hence not making use of bureaucrats Appointing a lot of ministers with no potfolios Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO Dept of Political Science, UG Slide 7

8. Challenges of the Bureaucracy in Ghana Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO Dept of Political Science, UG Slide 8 Weak supervision Colonial legacy against the public service Absenteeism Tardiness Nepotism, Favoritism Political Interference Unqualified personnel Corruption

9. Image of the Bureaucracy. Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO Dept of Political Science, UG Slide 9

10. Some More Images of Bureaucratic Practices Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO Dept of Political Science, UG Slide 10

11. Reading List Refer to Unit 4, pp. 65-83 of Poli 112 (Political Institutions) Modules Gyampo, R.E.V. The state of Political Institutions in Ghana, (Saarbrucken, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing Inc. 2012) pp. 118-132 Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO Dept of Political Science, UG Slide 11

12. Concluding Remark THANK YOU R.E.V GYAMPO Dr. R.E.V. GYAMPO Dept of Political Science, UG Slide 12