1. Middle Ages Setting the Stage for the Renaissance and Reformation Approx. 350-______________ Middle Ages is a negative term given by people during the Renaissance. It was called the Middle Ages because it fell in between “Ancient” times and the Renaissance, the two periods that they believed were more advanced and civilized. The Middle Ages are also called the Dark Ages. The late Middle Ages were filled with – ____________ – ___________________, and – _____________________

2. War Crusades – In 1095, Pope Urban called on the warriors of Europe to liberate the Holy Land (Palestine/Jerusalem) from the _______________. – At least _____ Crusades took place. – In the end, most of the Crusades were considered unsuccessful. In fact, most of the land that was gained by the European Christians was eventually _________ again. A Crusade Shield

3. Fact or Fiction? A Children's Crusade took place in 1212. It began when a shepherd boy, after reportedly talking to God, led over 30 ________________ children to the Holy Land. Unfortunately, they never made it. On the way there, most were either sold into slavery, lost, or killed. Modern research is now questioning the validity of this Crusade (embelllished storytelling or an actual historical event – who knows?)

4. War 100 Years’ War 100 Years’ War – Between England and __________ – By the end of the war (1453), England had been driven out of France (except for an area called Calais). – Joan of Arc fought in this war. She fought on the side of the French. She was eventually caught by the English, turned over to the church (she claimed she heard voices from God = witch), and burned at the stake. Joan was 19 when she was tried by a church court, found guilty of _________________, and burned at the stake. She was later found innocent by the Catholic Church and was made a ________________.

5. Bubonic Plague (a.k.a. Black Death) Mid 1347-1351 Carried by fleas on __________. Since people did not bathe, almost everyone had fleas. They also threw their garbage and sewage into the streets  breeding ground for rats. The Bubonic Plague killed 1 in _______ Europeans during that 4 year period. The plague returned every few years, but it was never as bad as that first outbreak. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ

6. Religious Divisions The Great Schism – Prior to 1378, there was ______ pope. Who was the first Pope? Peter – From 1378 – 1409, there were ___________ popes (one in Rome, Italy, one in Avignon, France). – From 1409-1417, there were ____________ popes. – In 1417, all 3 were forced to step down, and a __________ pope (Martin V) was chosen. Two religious scholars, John Wycliffe and Jan Huss, began to question the authority of the pope. They spread their ideas to other Europeans. – Hus was tried as a _______________ and burned at the stake.