1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. Chapter 24 Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications

3. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-3 FIGURE 24.1 A simplified COMPANY database used for active rule examples.

4. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-4 FIGURE 24.2 Specifying active rules as triggers in Oracle notation. (a) Triggers for automatically maintaining the consistency of TOTAL_SAL of DEPARTMENT.

5. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-5 FIGURE 24.2 (continued) Specifying active rules as triggers in Oracle notation. (b) Trigger for comparing an employee’s salary with that of his or her supervisor.

6. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-6 FIGURE 24.3 A syntax summary for specifying triggers in the Oracle system (main options only).

7. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-7 FIGURE 24.4 An example to illustrate the termination problem for active rules.

8. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-8 FIGURE 24.5 Active rules using statement-level semantics in STARBURST notation.

9. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-9 FIGURE 24.6 Trigger T1 illustrating the syntax for defining triggers in SQL- 99.

10. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-10 FIGURE 24.7 Different types of temporal relational databases. (a) Valid time database schema. (b) Transaction time database schema. (c) Bitemporal database schema.

11. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-11 FIGURE 24.8 Some tuple versions iin the valid time relations EMP_VT and DEPT_VT.

12. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-12 FIGURE 24.9 Some tuple versions in the bitemporal relations EMP_BT and DEPT_BT.

13. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-13 FIGURE 24.10 Possible ODL schema for a temporal valid time Employee_VT object class using attribute versioning.

14. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-14 FIGURE 24.10 (continued) Possible ODL schema for a temporal valid time Employee_VT object class using attribute versioning.

15. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-15 FIGURE 24.11 (a) Prolog notation. (b) The supervisory tree.

16. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-16 FIGURE 24.12 Proving a new fact.

17. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-17 FIGURE 24.13 An interpretation that is a minimal model.

18. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-18 FIGURE 24.14 Fact predicates for part of the database from Figure 5.6.

19. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-19 FIGURE 24.15 Rule-defined predicates.

20. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-20 FIGURE 24.16 Predicates for illustrating relational operations.

21. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-21 FIGURE 24.17 Predicate dependency graph for Figures 24.14 and 24.15.

22. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24-22 FIGURE 24.18 Database schema for sales and salesperson commissions in Exercise 24.17.