1. E.S.P and VOCABULARY William E. Yugsán July 10, 2015

2. “Teachers also need to be aware of the kinds of vocabulary words, which words are worth focusing on” Brooks, M (2015, page 2) Types of Vocabulary Depending on aims and course content some types of vocabulary will be given priority and more emphasis in teaching and learning Spoken language is the central source of the contact to communicative language Spoken and Written Vocabulary Less dense Lexical Negotiation Everyday speech

3. More dense Lexical words NO negotiation Spoken and Written Vocabulary Written language continues to be a fundamental source for input Core and Non-core vocabulary Core vocabulary refers to those words that occur frequently and are more central to the language than other words They are neutral in formality and usable in a wide variety of situations

4. Non-core vocabulary is subject-specific vocabulary Lack of neutrality and association with a specialized topic e.g., placebo and dialysis. Discourse Structuring Vocabulary Abstract nouns that have little independent lexical content E.G. assumption, variety, solution, proposal, factor, function, parameter, issue, matter, among others. Commonly used in expository academic prose and in newspaper articles. English for Academic Purposes

5. Explain and make sense of more complicated words, paraphrase them, define them and organize them during communication Procedural Vocabulary Rack Rate – The list price of a hotel room before any discounts or promotions. Semi-Technical Vocabulary a). vocabulary that is used in general language but has a higher frequency of occurrence in specific and technical descriptions and discussions. E.G. cell, force, report, trial, fluid, procedure, among others.

6. Technical Vocabulary b). vocabulary that has specialized and restricted meanings in certain disciplines and which may vary in meaning across disciplines. E.G. placebo, dialysis, bacterium, t-cells, concussion, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), among others Academic Vocabulary ‘general useful scientific vocabulary’ ((Barber, 1962) cited in Nation (2001)) academic skills: reading research in a specific academic field, listening to teachers lecture, writing academic papers and discussing or presenting their own ideas or research