1. The Berlin Wall (8.8) The Berlin Wall Lesson Objective 10.9.7 By answering a summation question, SWBAT explain why the Berlin Wall was built in 1961.

2. The Berlin Wall Throughout the 1950s, thousands of East Germans emigrated across the open border from communist East to democratic West Berlin.  By 1961, the outflow had become a political embarrassment to the gov’t of East Germany, and a burden on its economy,… …as many of those who fled were East Germany’s most educated and skilled citizens.

3. The Berlin Wall  To stop the outflow, East Germany erected a 95-mile barbed wire and concrete border wall to encircle the city of West Berlin.

4. The Berlin Wall - Free travel between the East and West ended, as friends and families found themselves cut-off from one another.

5. The Berlin Wall

19.  Effectively halting the flow of refugees, the Berlin Wall would become the most recognizable symbol of the Cold War. BQ1: How did the East German government respond to the emigration of many of its most skilled citizens to the West? Video: “The Berlin Wall” (28)

20. - Why did the East German and Soviet governments decide to seal the border between East and West Berlin by building the Berlin Wall? The Berlin Wall “Ich bin ein Berliner!”

21. The Cuban Missile Crisis (8.10) The Cuban Missile Crisis Lesson Objective 10.9.2 & 10.9.3 By completing a thinking map, SWBAT assess how the lessons learned from the Cuban Missile Crisis affected the Cold War.

22. The Cuban Missile Crisis 1959: Fidel Castro’s successful communist revolution in Cuba draws American U2 reconnaissance planes into Cuban skies. X

23. The Cuban Missile Crisis  14 Oct 1962: U2 photos reveal that Soviet nuclear missiles are being installed in Cuba,… …within striking range of most of the US. - The Cuban Missile Crisis. BQ1: How did the US discover Soviet missiles in Cuba?

24. The Cuban Missile Crisis You are an advisor to POTUS Kennedy at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Identify four options for action which you might propose to the President to deal with this crisis. Your goal is to get the Soviet missiles out of Cuba. For each option, identify one pro and one con. (Since “Do Nothing” is always an option, it may not be one of your four.) Ultimatum - dismantle the missiles, or else military action Airstrike - against the missile sites Blockade - naval quarantine of Cuba Do nothing - ignore the missiles Negotiate - with Khrushchev for the withdrawal of the missiles 1. ________________________________ P: ____________________________ C: ____________________________ 2. ________________________________ P: ____________________________ C: ____________________________ 3. ________________________________ P: ____________________________ C: ____________________________ 4. ________________________________ P: ____________________________ C: ____________________________

25. The Cuban Missile Crisis After significant discussion of multiple options, Kennedy chooses to enforce a blockade, or “naval quarantine,” of Cuba.  Meanwhile, both East and West mobilize for nuclear war.

26. The Cuban Missile Crisis Video: “Stevenson at the UN” (2)

27. The Cuban Missile Crisis After thirteen tense days, recognizing the potential for nuclear disaster, a negotiated settlement is reached:

28. The Cuban Missile Crisis  Khrushchev agrees to remove all Soviet missiles from Cuba. - In return, Kennedy promises not to attack Cuba (again), and to remove similar American missiles in Turkey.

29. The Cuban Missile Crisis Lessons learned from the Cuban Missile Crisis:  America’s commitment to containment was reaffirmed: - The US gov’t increases military support for anti- communist forces fighting a civil war in Việtnam.  The threat of nuclear war was now more real than ever before: - Direct US-USSR lines of communication are improved. - Real limits on the production and accumulation of nuclear weapons will, for the first time, be discussed.  The relatively poor nations of the Third World, like Cuba,… …realized they were little more than pawns in the superpowers’ deadly game of nuclear brinksmanship. Video: “Cuba HC” (19) - MAD will replace massive retaliation as US doctrine.

30. Lessons Learned from the Cuban Missile Crisis  ______________________________ Effects of those Lessons: - How did the lessons learned from the Cuban Missile Crisis effect the Cold War?  ______________________________