1. Cell Structure and Function AP Biology Ch. 7 Ms. Haut

2. Cytology Light microscope –Focuses light through specimen Electron microscope –Transmission (TEM) Transmits electrons through specimen –Scanning (SEM) Electron beam scans cell surface

3. Cell Size Cell size is limited by metabolic requirements –Lower limits: Enough DNA to program metabolism Enough ribosomes, enzymes, & cellular components –Upper limits: Surface area and plasma membrane large enough for cell volume to allow exchange of nutrients and wastes

4. Nucleus Double membrane perforated with pores Contains most of cell’s DNA Houses nucleolus –Makes ribosomal subunits

5. Ribosomes

6. Endomembrane System Nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles

7. Endoplasmic Reticulum Makes membranes and other biosynthetic functions Smooth ER –Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids –Carbohydrate metabolism –Detoxifies drugs & poisons Rough ER –Protein synthesis –Membrane production

8. Golgi Apparatus Finishes, sorts, and ships cell products

9. Lysosomes Intracellular digestion Recycle cell’s own organic material Programmed cell destruction (apoptosis)

10. Peroxisome Contain enzymes for specific metabolic pathways; all contain peroxide-producing oxidases (i.e. H 2 O 2 ) Contain catalase –2H 2 O 2 catalase 2H 2 O + O 2

11. Food Vacuoles

12. Plant Cell Vacuole Stores organic compounds Stores inorganic ions May contain soluble pigments May contain poisons Plays role in plant growth & elongation

13. Mitochondrion Enclosed by double membrane Contains ribosomes and own DNA (maternal) Semiautonomous –Grow and reproduce within cells Responsible for Cellular Respiration and ATP production

14. Chloroplast Enclosed by double membrane Contains ribosomes and own DNA Site of photosynthesis in plants

15. Cytoskeleton

16. Extracellular Matrix

17. Centrosomes

18. Flagellum

19. Plasma Membrane

20. Plant Cell Wall

21. Cellular Junctions

22. Animal Cell

23. Plant Cell

24. Prokaryotic Cell