1. Kymani Hayden Group #8 1998 Exam Thematic Essay: To what extent did Romanticism challenge Enlightenment views of human beings and the natural world and how did this challenge illustrate changes between the Enlightenment and Romantic views of the relationship between God and the individual? Critical Trigger Words: Extent(how far?). Challenge Illustrates(what was the effect?) the relationship between God and the Individual (how did it differ?) Focus on how both time periods conflicted with one another on the basis of the contrasting ideals.

2. Introduction: Three Step Arc BP: What was the Romantic era? What was the Enlightenment era? NF: How did both time periods challenge each other’s ideas? Dir: Focus what ideas were prominent and the differences in how both time periods portrayed the image of humanity and God.

3. Introduction: History has often birthed intellectual movements that have challenged the ideals of another. Two juxtaposing eras in European history are: the Romantic era and the Enlightenment era. The Romantic era was an age that consisted of the glorification of the Church, the emphasis of the individual, and the promotion of nature and the natural world. Romanticism conflicted with and often critiqued the ideals of the Enlightenment period, particularly the relationship between God and the Individual. The focus of this essay will be to assess the extent in which Romanticism opposed the Enlightenment view of the world.

4. Body One Focus: Romanticism 1. What was the influence and impact? 2. Use examples of Romantic art, literature, etc.. 3. Contrast it to the Enlightenment

5. Body One: Romanticism focused on nature and the natural world rather than science and reason. Romantic ideas were rooted in religion and emphasized the revival of past principles that had been the societal foundations for Europe. It advocated advancements in art and focused on the flaws of the Enlightenment. For example, paintings such as “Newton” by William Blake that depicts a crouched nearly primitive Isaac Newton who has been physically damaged from his curiosity of physics and “The Mill” by John Constable that exemplifies the beauty of life in the countryside where nature is omnipresent in juxtaposition to life in the city where it is isolated and covered with darkness. The Enlightenment polluted the mind of the individual and deterred man from what was really important; whereas, Romanticism celebrated the individual in comparison to the collective.

6. Body Two Focus: The Enlightenment What did it challenge? What was prior to this? What were the core beliefs? Enlightenment ideals= Anti- Romanticism How does time play a significant role?

7. Body Two The Enlightenment posed a threat to the power and influence of the Church that had been so evident in the zeitgeist of the Renaissance and Medieval times. Enlightenment thinkers argued rationality over religion and Deism (the belief in Rationalism as a Deity) enhanced the impact of the Enlightenment ideas. The fundamental principles embedded in the Enlightenment age looked to the present and towards the future.

8. Body Three Focus: Juxtaposition Differences between both eras Introduce the concepts of Methodism and Rationalism Which was more successful?

9. Body Three: One conflicting idea between the two movements is Methodism vs Rationalism. Rationalism had proved to be effective but focused on groups of people rather than individuality. Methodism embodied the Romanticism movement because its fundamental goals were to develop and establish a better individual. These ideals advocated by John Wesley, ultimately led to the establishment of hospitals, orphanages, soup kitchens, etc... all across Europe.

10. Conclusion: Looking ahead... Recap briefly how the two ages differ The influences that followed Preservation of Catholicism

11. Conclusion Essentially, the Romantic era held a great influence and brought about the works of William Wordsworth, John Constable, Mary Shelley and other renounced Romantic artists. The push towards a reestablishment of the authoritative influence of the Church preserved its ideals and subsequently remained constant as we see in later time periods that followed.

12. Miscellaneous: