1. Blood and Blood Typing

2. Fact or Fiction The average human body contains 10 liters of blood
False, it contains 5 liters of blood (equal to 1.3 gallons)
The amount of exercise someone gets accounts for varying levels of RBC’s in individuals
True, the body needs more oxygen as it works
Men have more RBC’s per microliter of blood than females
True, in general men have a bigger body mass when compared to women
Blood is purple until it is exposed to oxygen and then it turns red
False, blood is always red regardless of oxygen exposure

3. Functions of Blood Transportation Regulation Protection E.x.
Transports: O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones
Regulates: Ph level, body temp,
Protects: blood clots, WBC’s,

4. Components of Blood Cells Blood Plasma Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Blood Plasma
Plasma (mostly water)

5. Components of Blood

6. Formation of Blood Cells (AKA hemopoiesis)
Occurs in:
Red bone marrow
Trabeculae (spongy bone)
Did you know Blood formation began in the yolk sac! Why you ask?
Occurs first in the yolk sac of an embryo, then later in the liver, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes of fetus
Embryos don’t have bones!!

7. Hemoblast
Can develop into many different types of cells

8. Red Blood Cells (AKA Erythrocyte)
Carry oxygen
O2 binds to hemoglobin
# varies b/w people
Hemoglobin give RBC their red color
Biconcave shape = More surface area allows for diffusion of Co2 and O2
People vary in the amount of exercise they do (or don’t do). More exercise requires more oxygen, which causes the body to make more red blood cells.
Biconcave shape

9. Oxygen Levels
Oxygenated
Bright red
Deoxygenated
Dark red
T or F Blood is purple until it reacts with oxygen and then it turns red.
FALSE!!!! Your blood is always red. It’s a brighter shade of red when it is “full” of oxygen.

10. Oxygenated blood vs Deoxygenated blood
The blood on the left is oxygenated, the right is deoxygenated blood (from a vein)

11. Red Blood Cell Life Cycle
Average lifespan
120 days
Rupture (die) when passing through capillaries

12. Red Blood Cell Life Cycle
Hemoglobin breaks down
Iron (heme)
Amino acids (globin)
Non-heme part of iron broken down into
Biliverdin
Iron (heme part) is reused, Amino acids (globin part) used to synthesize other proteins

13. Why is your poo brown? Eventually biliverdin is converted into
Urobilin (yellow)
Urine
Stercobilin (pigment)
Feces (poo)

14. Why are certain vitamins so important?
They are needed to synthesize hemoglobin
B12
Folic acid
Help absorb iron
Vitamin C

15. Anemia
Not enough RBC’s in blood

16. Erythropoiesis Hypoxia Formation of RBC’s
Disruption in balance causes hypoxia
Causes more RBC’s to be made
More EPO is released
Hypoxia = prolonged oxygen deficiency
Hypoxia

17. Erythropoietin (EPO) Hormone made by kidneys
It Stimulates RBC production
More RBC’s = more O2 sent to tissues

18. Hemostasis Sequence of events that occur to stop bleeding Involves
Coagulation
(thickening of blood)
Clotting of blood
Coagulation is the thickening of blood

19. Three Events in Hemostasis
Vascular Spasm
Platelet plug formation
Blood Clotting (coagulation)
Blood vessel can spasm for hours or minutes
Platelets send chemical message to enhance constriction

20. Blood Clot Story Board

23. Hemostasis Analysis
__________ is a series of chemical reaction which ultimately form fibrin threads.
During _____________ there is a reduction in blood loss.
During _____________ platelets stick together.
During _____________ clotting factors which continually “morph” until fibrin is formed and bleeding stops.
During ______________ the reduction in blood loss is due to the constriction of blood vessels.
During _____________ a chemical is secreted and more platelets are called to the injury site where they “stick around”.

24. Platelets (AKA Thrombocytes)
Involved in clotting
stick to blood vessels

25. WBC Life Span Live for days or hours Die off faster during infection
Why?
Why do WBC’s have a nucleus?
To distinguish between foreign cells
Direct activity
Die off faster during infection because the are working harder

26. White Blood Cells AKA Leukocytes
Function to protect the body
Five different types
Granulocytes (Granules in cytoplasm)
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranulocytes (no granules)
Monocytes
Lymphocytes

28. Neutrophil First to respond to infection Active phagocytes
Destroy invaders by releasing enzymes
Present in pus of wounds
60% of WBC

29. Monocyte Migrate into infected tissues Become macrophages
Destroy invaders and clean up cellular debris

30. Eosinophils Have enzymes that combat against allergic reactions
Mainly attack parasites
Ex. Worms
What does a high count mean?
Allergic reaction Or
Parasitic infection

31. Basophils Involved in inflammatory response
Liberate histamine and heparin

32. Lymphocytes B cells Develop into plasma cells Produce antibodies
Destroy bacteria and their toxins

33. Lymphocytes T Cells Attack Viruses Fungi Transplanted cells
Cancer cells
Some bacteria

34. Lymphocytes Natural Killer cells (NK) Attack Variety of microbes
Tumor cells

35. Blood Concept Map Terms
Protect/transport/regulate
RBC’s
Hemoglobin
Erythropoiesis
Oxygen
Homeostasis
Leukocytes
Bone Marrow
Nucleus
Spleen
Biconcave disk
Water
Plasma

36. Blood Concept Map Terms
Albumins
Antibodies
Eosinophils
Defend against disease
Globulins
Hemostasis
Inflammatory Reaction
Monocyte
Platelets
Phagocyte

37. Brainpop What are the two components to your blood type?
What is hemolysis?
What is the Rh factor?
What is the most common blood type in Americans?
What is the least common blood type in Americans?

38. ABO Blood Groups
What are the four blood types? A B AB O

39. Blood Type Antigens Antibodies On surface of RBC
Type of antigen on RBC will determine blood type
E.x
Antibodies
In plasma
Non-matching antibody found in plasma
E.x.

40. Rh Factor Makes blood type either + or – Rh+ Rh- Rh antigen present
No Rh antigen

41. Blood Typing

42. Agglutination Occurs when matching antibodies and antigens bind
What happens if that occurs in a RBC?

43. When does the Rh factor effect blood compatibility?
When a ________ type mixes with a _________
Most common in _________
Why is this dangerous?
negative
positive
Pregnant women

44. ABO Blood Types Chart Blood Type Antigen on RBC Antibody in Plasma A B

45. Compatibility of blood types
Why can’t a person with AB blood donate blood to a person with type O blood?
Because the A antigen and B antigen will not be recognized by recipients body (O person). Antibodies will be made by his/her body to destroy the foreign A and B antigens.
Can a person with a positive blood type donate to a person with a negative blood type? Why or why not?
No, the RH antigen will not be recognized by the negative blood and antibodies will be produced to kill the foreign invader (positive blood)