1. SUMMARY of TISSUE HEALING Sports Science

2. AIM To be able to describe and understand the physiological responses common to most sports injuries To be able to describe and understand the physiological responses common to most sports injuries To be able to complete all worksheets and present a story book with diagrams to help display the above. To be able to complete all worksheets and present a story book with diagrams to help display the above.

3. CROSS SECTION OF A BLOOD VESSEL

4. STUDENT TASK 1 Using the diagram displayed, identify the different types of cells within the plasma. Using the diagram displayed, identify the different types of cells within the plasma. Draw your own diagram and write a brief description of each cell along with its function Draw your own diagram and write a brief description of each cell along with its function

5. INFLAMMATION Attempts to stabilize site how? Attempts to stabilize site how? Chemicals and cells rush to help Chemicals and cells rush to help Which ones? Which ones? Platelets/ white blood cells /other clotting factors and fibrin. Platelets/ white blood cells /other clotting factors and fibrin. What is the function of each? What is the function of each? Neutrophils to attack invaders initially, Platelets to stick to site stop leakage, others to help platelets form a plug Neutrophils to attack invaders initially, Platelets to stick to site stop leakage, others to help platelets form a plug

6. REPAIR What replaces neutrophils? What replaces neutrophils? Macrophages and they continue the clean up until site cleared Macrophages and they continue the clean up until site cleared What happens once the site is cleared? What happens once the site is cleared? Formation of new blood vessels and granulation tissue Formation of new blood vessels and granulation tissue What is responsible for this new growth? What is responsible for this new growth? Fibroblasts Fibroblasts

7. How long does this process last and what is it dependent upon? How long does this process last and what is it dependent upon? Can last 24-48 hrs Can last 24-48 hrs Age/size of wound/location/injury Age/size of wound/location/injury What are the signs of Inflammation? What are the signs of Inflammation? Heat/colour change/swelling/pain Heat/colour change/swelling/pain

8. REMODELLING What cellular changes are there? What cellular changes are there? Termination of tissue growth Termination of tissue growth What visible changes are there? What visible changes are there? Skin colour normal, swelling absent along with sensitivity and heat. Skin colour normal, swelling absent along with sensitivity and heat. Influence of Collagen? Influence of Collagen? Becomes less resistant to destruction, produce more cross links Becomes less resistant to destruction, produce more cross links

9. What enzyme prevents over production of collagen? What enzyme prevents over production of collagen? Collagenase Collagenase What is the main aim in this part of the healing cycle? What is the main aim in this part of the healing cycle? To organise collagen fibres to produce optimal strength. To organise collagen fibres to produce optimal strength.

10. STUDENT TASK 2 Complete a flow chart showing in order the events that occur during the healing process Complete a flow chart showing in order the events that occur during the healing process Complete the worksheet given and use this to help where required Complete the worksheet given and use this to help where required Video of events Video of events Video of events Video of events

11. ADDITTIONAL NOTES HISTAMINE – released vasodilatation occurs. HISTAMINE – released vasodilatation occurs. THROMBIN – enzyme that acts on Fibrinogen THROMBIN – enzyme that acts on Fibrinogen FIBRINOGEN - a protein that converts to fibrin. FIBRINOGEN - a protein that converts to fibrin. FIBRIN – insoluble protein made from thrombin and fibrinogen FIBRIN – insoluble protein made from thrombin and fibrinogen FIBRINOLSIN – enzyme that can convert fibrin from in-soluble to soluble protein FIBRINOLSIN – enzyme that can convert fibrin from in-soluble to soluble protein