1. AP Psych DMA 1. Compare/contrast posthypnotic suggestion and posthypnotic amnesia. 2. Who conducted the first experimental studies of associative learning? Please turn in this week’s DMAs

2. Today’s Agenda DMA Quiz buy-back Chapter 9 ◦ Roxana, Katie & Melody Chapter 10 review Homework: Final Exam – May 1 & 2 Review quizzes – refer to calendar EC Review Pres – various AP EXAM!!! May 7 th Last day to pay for AP Psych T-shirt is Tuesday, April 24 th

3. Reminders Review Presentations Thursday, April 26 th ◦ Riley & Brendan ◦ Duy & Kyana Last day to pay for an AP Psych T-shirt is Tuesday, April 24 th

4. Countdown… 17 Day until the AP Exam (remember you don’t know what the FRQs will be) 11 Days until the final exam

5. Chap. 3, 4, 5 & 6 Quiz Buy-Back Due Monday Same process as last time.

6. Chapter 9 Review Roxana, Katie & Melody

7. Chapter 10 Review 1. Find a partner 2. Select an activity ◦ If you complete the activity, pick another one. ◦ You will be graded on how well you review today….  Focused, on-task, reviewing all topics, going into depth, completing as many review activities as possible… 3. Review ALL of the topics during the activity.

8. Chapter 10 Review Potential activities Make flashcards Quiz each other Reread your notes or textbook Create a game about the information Compare/contrast the topics Summarize each of the topics (verbally or in writing) Topics…. Framing Semantics Availability heuristic Phonemes Functional fixedness Confirmation bias Algorithm Language development Syntax Morphemes Belief bias Mental set Chomsky Whorf Representative heuristic Babbling stage

9. Language Morpheme ◦ The smallest unit that carries meaning. ◦ May be a word or a part of a work (prefix)  Example? Phoneme ◦ The smallest distinctive sound unit.  Example?

10. Language Semantics  the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language  study of meaning Syntax  the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

11. Language We are all born to recognize speech sounds from all the world’s languages 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Percentage able to discriminate Hindi Hindi- speaking adults 6-8 months 8-10 months 10-12 months English- speaking adults Infants from English-speaking homes

12. Language Babbling Stage  beginning at 3 to 4 months  infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language One-Word Stage  from about age 1 to 2  child speaks mostly in single words

13. Language Two-Word Stage  beginning about age 2  child speaks in mostly two-word statements Telegraphic Speech  child speaks like a telegram  “go car”  using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting “auxiliary” words

14. Summary of Language Development Month (approximate) Stage 4 10 12 24 24+ Babbles many speech sounds. Babbling reveals households language. One-word stage. Two-world, telegraphic speech. Language develops rapidly into complete sentences.

15. Language Stages Babble to your neighbor Now, speak to him/her like a child in the one-word stage. Now… give him/her directions to your house (from KR) using only telegraphic speech.

16. Thinking Framing  the way an issue is posed  how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments  Example: What is the best way to market ground beef--as 25% fat or 75% lean?  Imagine that you failed a math test – how would you frame this situation to your parents?

17. Thinking Functional Fixedness  tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions  impediment to problem solving  How could functional fixedness hurt your studying?

18. Thinking Insight  sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem  contrasts with strategy-based solutions Confirmation Bias  tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions Fixation  inability to see a problem from a new perspective  impediment to problem solving

19. Thinking Belief Bias  the tendency for one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning  sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid or valid conclusions seem invalid  How could belief bias affect politics?

20. Thinking Mental Set  tendency to approach a problem in a particular way  especially a way that has been successful in the past  but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem

21. Heuristics Availability Heuristic  estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory  if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common  Example: airplane crash  How could availability heuristics affect phobias?

22. Thinking Algorithm  methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem  When have you used algorithms?