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Network Processing Systems Design

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Presentation on theme: "Network Processing Systems Design"— Presentation transcript:

1 Network Processing Systems Design
From : Dr. Ning Weng

2 Millions of connected computing devices
Running network applications Client, server Protocol, service Host, end node Network processing systems Inside the network Example: router, switch Throughput latency Communication links fiber, copper, radio, satellite bandwidth local ISP company network regional ISP router workstation server mobile Ning Weng ECE 526

3 Service vs Protocol A service is a set of primitives (operations) that a layer provides to the layer above it A protocol, in contrast, is a set of rules governing the format and meaning of the packets, or messages that are exchanged by the peer entities within a layer Ning Weng ECE 526

4 What is the Internet: Summary
Communication infrastructure enables distributed applications Computational architecture that client requesting service from server A system of interconnected of processing systems Links End nodes Network processing systems What is the network processing system? Ning Weng ECE 526

5 What is Network Processing Systems?
Integral part of the Internet Network processing system determine the properties of the Internet Functionality Performance Reliability Security The key requirement Flexibility Scalability Ease of use Ning Weng ECE 526

6 Router Ning Weng ECE 526

7 Network Processor Ning Weng ECE 526

8 Network Processor Based Router
Ning Weng ECE 526

9 What is the Course About?
Network Processing System Design What is the minimal set of functionality? How to implement them efficiently? What is the optimal system architecture? How to design an scalable system architecture? Ning Weng ECE 526

10 Complexity of the Internet
Internet: “network of networks” loosely hierarchical public Internet versus private intranet Many “pieces” protocols Packet Packet processing Packet Delay Packet processing system Hosts: end node of the Internet Switches, hubs: inside networks Routers: between the networks Ning Weng ECE 526

11 What’s a protocol? Hi Hi 2:00 <file> time
a human protocol and a computer network protocol: Hi TCP connection request Hi TCP connection response Got the time? Get 2:00 <file> time Ning Weng ECE 526

12 Packet Packet: Smaller chunks of long message sent by the sender
Packet header data preceding the body (data) example: destination IP address, source IP address Packet payload: data plus the upper layer header Packet meta-data: packet specific data such as packet arrival time Generic concept Depends on protocol standard and network technologies frame: packet recognized by hardware, Ethernet frame cell: fixed-sized packet by ATM technology IP packet: varied-sized packet by Internet Ning Weng ECE 526

13 Packet Delay Packet delay: Can we reduce Delay? How?
interval between when packet sent by sender and received by receiver determines the Internet performance and efficiency important for delay sensitive applications: IP Phone, real video Can we reduce Delay? How? First, what are causes of the delay? Ning Weng ECE 526

14 Four Source Packet Delay
Packet processing delay: time to process packet depends on complexity of application Depends on speed of processing engine Queuing delay time waiting at output link for transmission depends on congestion level of router A B propagation transmission nodal processing queueing Ning Weng ECE 526

15 Four Source Packet Delay
Transmission delay time to send bits into link = L/R R=link bandwidth (bps) L=packet length (bits) Propagation delay d = length of physical link s = propagation speed in medium (~2x108 m/sec) propagation delay = d/s A B propagation transmission nodal processing queueing Ning Weng ECE 526

16 Queuing Delay R=link bandwidth (bps) L=packet length (bits)
a=average packet arrival rate traffic intensity = La/R La/R ~ 0: average queueing delay small La/R -> 1: delays become large La/R > 1: more “work” arriving than can be serviced, average delay infinite! Ning Weng ECE 526

17 Processing Delay Processing delay will increase
?? Why not just more ports of router for high performance? Scheduling due to contention. The second requirement: scalability Theme: high performance. The network processing system needs to provide high data processing rate, since the gap between the transmission speeds and networking processing technologies is widening which is shown on the figure on the left side. By a simple calculation, for link bandwidth of 40Gbps, the packet inter-arrival time is 300 ns for large packet and 12 ns for small packets. This processing requirement can not meet by a single processing element, therefore, multiprocessor is only option. Meanwhile, the complexity of network processing is keep increasing. simple forwarding which requires less than 10 memory accesses per packet to intrusion detection which requires more than 100 memory accesses per packet. These flexibility and scalability can not be achieved by ASIC (application specific integrated circuit). Instead, network processors, a programmable hardware, optimized for packet processing, is a promising method of providing the required flexibility and scalability. Processing delay will increase Better data structure, algorithms and architecture required Reduce average delay by multiprocessors Ning Weng ECE 526

18 Packet Delay: summary We can reduce the transmission and queuing delay by increasing the link bandwidth Transportation delay is minor part Reducing average delay Processing Delay will be the bottleneck Optimized network processing systems design Ning Weng ECE 526

19 Key System of Internet Hosts Routers
Workstations, servers, PDAs, cell phones Routers Ning Weng ECE 526

20 Other Systems inside Network
Hub repeater Bridge Connection between two networks on data link level Isolation of Ethernet collision domains Layer 2 Switch Similar to bridge, multi-ports High throughput VLAN switch Supports several Virtual LANs Emulates several smaller switches Ning Weng ECE 526

21 Other Systems inside Internet
Firewall Block packets to certain internal addresses and ports Maintains list of currently active connections Network Address Translator (NAT) “hides” subnet behind single external IP address Rewrites packets to change IP address and port numbers Load Balancer Distributes web requests to server farm Uses layer 4+ (or layer 7) classification and TCP splicing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) Detect unauthorized access to computer system or network Prevent attacks from malicious hackers Ning Weng ECE 526

22 Summary Define basic terminology
Protocol Packet Packet processing Packet delay Processing system inside network For more terminology: Appendix 1, Comer Discussing example systems inside Computer Networks and the Internet. Ning Weng ECE 526

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