1. Kingdoms and States of Africa
Chapter 7, Section 2

2. Kingdom of Ghana Ghana was located in West Africa
Emerged around 500 CE
Was a grassland kingdom and included some tropical rain forests

3. Kingdom of Ghana

4. Kingdom of Ghana
Had a series of strong rulers who governed without a set of written laws
Kings relied upon a well trained army to enforce their rules and to protect their wealth

5. Ghana’s economy Ghana had an abundant supply of iron
Ghana’s blacksmith made many products which were in high demand (tools and weapons)
Ghana also had a lot of gold
Iron and gold made Ghana a major trading empire

6. Ghana’s traders exchanged their products across North Africa
Sold iron and gold to Muslim traders for textiles, horses and salt
Ghana also exported ivory, hides, and slaves

7. Trade was carried by the Berbers
Berbers – nomadic peoples who used camel caravans to move products
Camels became very important to trade, estimated that at times upwards of 100 camels could be in one caravan

9. Kingdom of Mali Ghana, like most early empires, fell due to warfare
Was replaced in the 1100s CE by the Kingdom of Mali
Mali was established by Sundiata Keita

10. Kingdom of Mali

11. Mali Sundiata defeated Ghana and created a strong central government
His empire included the famous trading city of Timbuktu
Mali built its power on trading salt and gold

12. Mansa Musa
One of the powerful and richest rulers of Mali was Mansa Musa
He ruled from 1312 to 1337
He doubled the size of his kingdom and then divided it into provinces to make it easier to govern

13. Mansa Musa Musa was a Muslim Decided to make a pilgrimage to Makkah
When he went on his pilgrimage, he took thousands of servants and soldiers, hundreds of camels and gifts for other kings

15. Timbuktu Timbuktu became not only a central trading city
It also became one of the intellectual capitals of the world
20,000 students would have attended the Sankore mosque at one time to study

16. Migration of the Bantus
South of Axum, along the Indian Ocean
These peoples were nomadic who spoke a dialect called Bantu
They were subsistence farmers
Subsistence farmers – growing crops for personal use, but not for sale

17. The Bantu people spread many new technologies
Including iron-ore smelting and how to grow certain crops like yams, melons and beans

18. Trade Odds and Ends
The eastern edge of Africa also saw great growth of trade
Trade mainly with Muslim countries
Built several great trading ports including Mogadishu and Mombasa

20. Trade also helped spread language and culture
One of the key cultures that developed and was spread was that of Swahili

21. Swahili Swahili – means coast in Arabic and peoples of the coast
The Swahili language was a mixture of Bantu and Arabic
This allowed Africans to trade easily with Muslim traders