1. Back to Board Welcome to Jeopardy!

2. Back to Board Today’s Categories~ ~ Stages and Types of Memory ~ How we Encode ~ What we Encode ~ Retaining & Storing Information ~ Retrieval & Forgetting

3. Back to Board Stages & Types of Memory HOW we Encode WHAT we Encode Retaining & Storing Information Retrieval & Forgetting 10 20 30 40 50 100

4. Back to Board The process of getting information out of memory storage. What is Retrieval? Stages and Types of Memory: 10-

5. Back to Board The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. What is Sensory Memory? Stages and Types of Memory : 20-

6. Back to Board The processing of information into the memory system; getting information into our brain. What is Encoding? Stages and Types of Memory : 30-

7. Back to Board Activated memory that holds a few items briefly; rehearsal is necessary for encoding. What is Short-term Memory? Stages and Types of Memory : 40-

8. Back to Board A newer understanding of short- term memory that focuses on active processing of information. What is Working Memory? Stages and Types of Memory : 50-

9. Back to Board What is Long-term Memory? Stages and Types of Memory : 100- The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system; includes knowledge, skills and experience.

10. Back to Board Encoding that requires attention, time and conscious effort. What is Effortful Processing? How we Encode: 10-

11. Back to Board What is Rehearsal? The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. How we Encode: 20-

12. Back to Board Brains natural mode of information processing of many aspects of a problem or object simultaneously. What is Parallel Processing? How we Encode: 30-

13. Back to Board The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention rather than cramming. What is Spacing Effect? How we Encode: 40-

14. Back to Board Tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the items in the middle. What is the Serial Position Effect? How we Encode: 50-

15. Back to Board German philosopher who completed early memory studies with nonsense syllables. How we Encode: 100- Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus?

16. Back to Board Encoding information due to hearing words, making sounds, songs, poems, rhymes. What is Acoustic Encoding? What we Encode: 10-

17. Back to Board Encoding by organizing items into familiar, manageable units which often occurs automatically. What is Chunking? What we Encode: 20-

18. Back to Board Encoding information by adding meaning to the words; most important ingredient used for memory. What is Semantic Encoding? What we Encode: 30-

19. Back to Board Type of processing of information for encoding by thinking of picture images. What is Visual Encoding? What we Encode: 40-

20. Back to Board Organizing information for Encoding by putting the information into broad concepts divided and subdivided into narrower concepts and facts. What are Hierarchies? What we Encode: 50-

21. Back to Board Broad organizational devices that are memory aids and include vivid imagery and peg-word systems. What are Mnemonics? What we Encode: 100-

22. Back to Board A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; sounds and words can be recalled within 3-4 seconds. What is Echoic Memory? Retaining & Storing Information : 10-

23. Back to Board An increase in a synapse's firing potential after a brief, rapid stimulation. What is LTP or Long-term Potentiation ? Retaining & Storing Information : 20-

24. Back to Board A very clear and vivid memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. What is a Flashbulb Memory ? Retaining & Storing Information : 30-

25. Back to Board A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic memory; image lasts a few tenths of a second. What is Iconic Memory? Retaining & Storing Information : 40-

26. Back to Board Area in the brain where explicit memories are stored. What is the Hippocampus ? Retaining & Storing Information : 50-

27. Back to Board Type of memory that stores motor skills; retention is independent of conscious recollection. What is Implicit memory ? Retaining & Storing Information: 100-

28. Back to Board Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood: good, bad, sad, etc. What is Mood Congruent Memory? Retrieval & Forgetting: 10-

29. Back to Board In the Psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that supports “motivated forgetting”. What is Repression? Retrieval & Forgetting: 20-

30. Back to Board The lingering effects of misinformation that may be given to individuals that skews their perception of what they believe happened in a situation; one of the sins of distortion. What is Suggestibility? Retrieval & Forgetting: 30-

31. Back to Board When context cues from a current situation seem familiar and may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. What is Déjà vu? Retrieval & Forgetting: 40-

32. Back to Board Retrieval & Forgetting: 50- Unable to retrieve and recall old information due to new learning that may be similar. What is Retroactive Interference?

33. Back to Board Storage decay over time which contributes to forgetting; one of the 7 sins. What is Transience? Retrieval & Forgetting: 100-

34. Back to Board The End