1. Water Resources Chapter 9 and Land Use Chapter 10 Review 2016

2. Multiple Choice Answers to pages 254-255 (chapter 9) 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.E 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.E 10.A

3. Multiple choice answers Chapter 10 pages 279-280 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.E 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.E 10.A 11.B

4. How do dams impact the migration of salmon?

5. How do dams impact the migration of salmon? Prevent migration and increase water temperature. If you were writing an EIS how can you mitigate these impacts?

6. How can you mitigate these impacts? Install fish ladders, change the flow rate.

7. If the salmon population decreases, what happens to the population of bears and trees that live near the river? Explain why.

8. If the salmon population decreases, what happens to the population of bears and trees that live near the river? Explain why. Salmon are keystone species, they bring nutrients from the ocean to the nutrient poor rivers. The bear population will decrease because bears receive a majority of their food by eating salmon. The tree population will also decline because the nutrients that the salmon store in their bodies provides fertilizer for the trees.

9. Write an EIS that lists at least 3 impacts dams have on flood plains.

10. 1.Less water gets to flood plains making the habitat for riparian species. 2.Less silt makes it to the flood plains thus requiring anthropogenic fertilizer to be applied. 3.Homes/business will move into the flood plains displacing wildlife. 4.Less infiltration occurs as the flood plains become developed.

11. Name some benefits and detriments caused by the construction of the Aswan Dam

12. ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES Many jobs createdAreas flooded upstream of dam. Electricity produced without carbon dioxide Schistosomiasis infection increased More freshwater storage for people & agriculture. Less silt to businesses and farms downstream. Less flooding downstreamFarms need to apply synthetic fertilizer instead of nutrient rich silt.

13. What is an aquifer?

14. What is an aquifer? An aquifer is an underground layer of water- bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted

15. Name the two types of aquifers.

16. Name the two types of aquifers. Confined and unconfined.

17. Which type of aquifer takes the longest to recharge and is least likely to become contaminated by toxic surface spills?

18. Which type of aquifer takes the longest to recharge and is least likely to become contaminated by toxic surface spills? confined

19. What is the main difference between the two types of aquifers?

20. What is the main difference between the two types of aquifers? Confined aquifers are surrounded by an impermeable layer of rock or clay.

21. A What type of aquifer is located in the vicinity of letter A? A

22. A What type of aquifer is located in the vicinity of letter A? Confined aquifer A

23. What percent of the water on earth is fresh?

24. What percent of the water on earth is fresh? 97% salt, 3% fresh

25. Define “water table”

26. Define “water table” level of fresh water below the surface.

27. Which well, A or B, is most susceptible to salt water intrusion? A B

28. Which well, A or B, is most susceptible to salt water intrusion? B, it is closer to the ocean A B

29. Which well, A or B, or both, has a cone of depression? A B

30. Which well, A or B, has a cone of depression? Both. Cone of depression exists when the water table moves further from the surface. A B

31. Which of the rivers listed below are not considered to be in the top ten largest rivers? Nile, Mississippi, Santa Ana, Congo, Colorado, Amazon, Yangtze, Euphrates, Tigris, Mammoth Creek,

32. Which of the rivers listed below are not considered to be in the top ten largest rivers? Nile, Mississippi, Santa Ana, Congo, Colorado, Amazon, Yangtze, Euphrates, Tigris, Mammoth Creek,

33. Locate the Yangtze River, Nile and the Amazon rivers in the map below.

35. Identify the colors of the following structures: levee, dam, flood plain, and which letter is upstream of the dam? River Flow A B

36. Identify the colors of the following structures: levee, dam, flood plain, and which letter is upstream of the dam? B is upstream River Flow A B levee Dam Flood plain

37. How do levees impact the flood plain? River Flow A B levee Dam Flood plain

38. How do levees impact the flood plain? Prevent nutrient rich waters from reaching the flood plain, may cause downstream flooding. River Flow A B levee Dam Flood plain

39. Identify parts A,B,C and D of the hydroelectric dam below A B C D

41. Which of the ponds below could be considered eutrophic?

43. How do humans influence the primary production of lakes?

44. How do humans influence the primary production of lakes? Through the introduction of limiting resources through runoff, like nitrogen or phosphates, lakes become more nutrient rich.

45. What is an aqueduct?

46. What is an aqueduct? A system of canals or pipes used to transport fresh water from a location that has lots of water to one that has less water.

47. What is an estuary and how can aqueducts impact an estuarine environment?

48. What is an estuary and how can aqueducts impact an estuarine environment? Estuaries are formed where salt water meets fresh water. Aqueducts remove fresh water from a river and thus make the estuary more saline which reduces the species richness of the estuary.

49. What has happened to the Aral Sea since the 1950s?

50. What has happened to the Aral Sea since the 1950s? Rivers that fed the sea have been diverted and as a result the sea has shrunk, become more saline and the surrounding area is prone to dust storms.

51. What can a water poor country do besides aqueducts to get fresh water?

52. What can a water poor country do besides aqueducts to get fresh water? Use desalinization

53. Describe 2 forms of desalinization.

54. Describe 2 forms of desalinization. Reverse Osmosis and Distillation

55. Which form of desalinization uses the most energy? Reverse osmosis Salt water

56. Which form of desalinization uses the most energy? Distillation Reverse osmosis Salt water

57. Describe how reverse osmosis could harm an estuary. Reverse osmosis

58. Describe how reverse osmosis could harm an estuary. Reverse osmosis produces brine. If the brine is dumped into the estuary, the estuary becomes more saline which could reduce the species richness of the estuary. Reverse osmosis

59. What part of the world produces the most desalinated water?

60. What part of the world produces the most desalinated water? Middle East

61. How many people in the world do not have access to clean, fresh water?

62. How many people in the world do not have access to clean, fresh water? 1 billion

63. What percent of fresh water is used for the following categories: agriculture, industry, and by households?

64. What percent of fresh water is used for the following categories: agriculture 70%, industry 20%, and by households 10%?

65. Industrial processes use fresh water. What industrial process uses the most water?

66. Industrial processes use fresh water. What industrial process uses the most water? Generating electricity

67. Describe two ways that water is used to generate electricity.

68. Describe two ways that water is used to generate electricity. Hydroelectric dams and steam plants

69. Where is most of the irrigated land in the world located?

70. Where is most of the irrigated land in the world located? US, China, India

71. Most of the fresh water used inside houses is used for _______.

72. Most of the fresh water used inside houses is used for toilet flushing.

73. What type of irrigation is least expensive and least efficient?

74. What type of irrigation is least expensive and least efficient? Furrow Irrigation

75. Name a negative soil externality caused by the irrigation of desert land.

76. Name a negative soil externality caused by the irrigation of desert land. Soil salinization

77. How many liters of water are required to raise one metric ton of beef? 100,000 liters of water for 1 kg of beef 1000 liters = 1 metric ton of water. 1 metric ton = 1000 kg.

78. How many liters of water are required to raise one metric ton of beef? 100,000 liters of water for 1 kg of beef 1000 liters = 1 metric ton of water. 1 metric ton = 1000 kg. 100,000 l x 1,000 kg = 1 kg beef 1 mt “enough to float a battleship” 100 million liters

79. Would it take more or less water to produce a metric ton of grain (compared to the previous slide of 1 metric ton of beef)?

80. Would it take more or less water to produce a metric ton of grain (compared to the previous slide of 1 metric ton of beef)? Much less.

81. How can people in dry climates like Yorba Linda or Nevada reduce water use according to your text.

82. How can people in dry climates like Yorba Linda or Nevada reduce water use according to your text. Use low flow shower heads, low flush toilets, replace grass with drought tolerant plants, use rain barrels, use gray water, take shorter showers, flush less often.

83. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons.

84. 10 gallons – 5 gallons = 5 gallons per load 5 gallons per load * 100 loads per year = 500 gallons per year. 500 gallons * $1.00/1000 gallons = $0.50.

85. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons. 10 gallons – 5 gallons = 5 gallons per load 5 gallons per load * 100 loads per year = 500 gallons per year. 500 gallons * $1.00/1000 gallons = $0.50. Based on this information, is there any economic incentive to by a water efficient dishwasher?

86. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons. 10 gallons – 5 gallons = 5 gallons per load 5 gallons per load * 100 loads per year = 500 gallons per year. 500 gallons * $1.00/1000 gallons = $0.50. Based on this information, is there any economic incentive to by a water efficient dishwasher? NO

87. Give an example and define the tragedy of the commons.

88. Dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen. Fishing, ranching.

89. Give a definition and example of an externality

90. An unexpected consequence of an action.

91. Maximum sustainable yield can be achieved by harvesting the resource at _______

92. Maximum sustainable yield can be achieved by harvesting the resource at 50% of carrying capacity

93. Use this graph to set the ITQ for 10 boats. Make the fishery sustainable and have maximum profits.

94. Use this graph to set the ITQ for 10 boats. Make the fishery sustainable and have maximum profits. MSY is 500. 500 divided by 10 is 50.

95. Aside from ITQs, how can the tragedy of the commons be avoided for salmon fisheries?

96. Aside from ITQs, how can the tragedy of the commons be avoided for salmon fisheries? Aquaculture or laws

97. You are writing an EIS for a salmon farm. List at least 3 negative impacts associated with the use of a salmon farm.

98. 1.A salmon farm requires the fish to be kept in close quarters. To prevent disease, the fish are fed antibiotics which can cause bacteria to develop immunity to antibiotics. 2.Diseases (lice) in the farmed salmon can spread to the wild population 3.Dead farmed salmon and excess feed and salmon poop accumulate in benthic regions and cause eutrophication. 4.Fishermen must catch primary consumers to create fish feed.

99. Name two timber harvesting techniques.

100. Name two timber harvesting techniques. Clear Cutting and Selective cutting

101. Which type of timber harvest is the least costly economically?

102. Which type of timber harvest is the least costly economically? Clear cutting costs less.

103. AB Economically cheaperMimics natural disturbances Good for sun loving speciesProvides shade for streams Opens land for pioneer species Prevents erosion Limits eutrophication Identify heading A and heading B for the table below.

104. Advantage of Clear Cutting Advantage of Selective Cutting Economically cheaperMimics natural disturbances Good for sun loving speciesProvides shade for streams Opens land for pioneer species Prevents erosion Limits eutrophication Identify heading A and heading B for the table below.

105. What is the resource conservation ethic?

106. What is the resource conservation ethic? Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the natural world, its fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity. Use resources sustainably. Greatest good for everybody (utilitarianism).natural worldfisherieshabitatsbiological diversity

107. What is most of the common land in the United States used for?

108. What is most of the common land in the United States used for? Grazing

109. What did the Taylor Act of 1934 do?

110. What did the Taylor Act of 1934 do? Established permits to allow cattle to graze on common land.

111. How does cattle grazing produce poor water quality?

112. How does cattle grazing produce poor water quality? Cows produce manure which can leach into the water and cause eutrophication. Cows also cause erosion by destroying river banks as they cross streams. Overgrazing can lead to erosion of topsoil.

113. Which has greater surface area, a 3 gram cube of pesticide (A) or 3 grams of powdered pesticide (B)?

114. Which has greater surface area, a 3 gram cube of pesticide (A) or 3 grams of powdered pesticide (B)? B

115. Which will react quickest in the environment, a 3 gram cube of pesticide (A) or 3 grams of powdered pesticide (B)?

116. Which will react quickest in the environment, a 3 gram cube of pesticide (A) or 3 grams of powdered pesticide (B)? B

117. Name a negative environmental impact of Urban Sprawl

118. Name a negative environmental impact of Urban Sprawl – less habitat for animals, more driving which increases global temperatures, heat islands, more runoff, less infiltration, etc.

119. Most people in the United States live in ______ areas.

120. Most people in the United States live in suburban areas.

121. Name 3 reasons why urban sprawl occurred

122. Name 3 reasons why urban sprawl occurred. Suburbs have lower cost of living, automobiles and tax policies that promote highway construction.

123. What is the greatest threat to terrestrial plant and animal species?

124. What is the greatest threat to terrestrial plant and animal species? Habitat Loss

125. What is an EIS?

126. What is an EIS? Environmental Impact Statements assess the impacts of a project and list possible mitigations. Does an EIS force the developer to follow the most environmentally friendly plan?

127. What is an EIS? Environmental Impact Statements assess the impacts of a project Does an EIS force the developer to follow the most environmentally friendly plan? NO, an EIS only forces developers to list the impacts and suggest alternatives.

128. What part of the United States has the most wilderness areas?

129. What part of the United States has the most wilderness areas? Alaska

130. Name some positive environmental impacts associated with prescribed burns.

131. Name some positive environmental impacts associated with prescribed burns. Future fires are less destructive, reduces underbrush, good for plants that need more sunlight like pioneer species. Some seeds need fire to germinate. Adds nutrients to soil.