1. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.1 Reliability curve for the exponential distribution.

2. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.2 A system operational cycle.

3. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.3 Reliability nomograph for the exponential failure distribution. Source:NAVAIR 00-65-502/NAVORD OD 41146, Reliability Engineering Handbook, Naval Air Systems Command and Naval Ordnance Systems Command.

4. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.4 Typical failure-rate curve relationships.

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.5 Failure-rate curve with maintenance (software application).

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.6 System XYZ unscheduled maintenance actions (system failures).

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.7 A series network.

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.8 A parallel network.

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.9 Parallel network with three components

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.10 Some combined series–parallel networks.

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.11 Reliability requirements in the system life cycle.

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.12 Expanded reliability model of system.

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.13 Allocation of reliability requirements.

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.14 Reliability block diagram illustrating redundancy at system and subsystem levels.

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.15 Standby redundant network.

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.16 Package-handling plant functional flow diagram.

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.17 Failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis process.

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.18 Sample design and process Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis.

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.19 Ishikawa cause-and-effect “fishbone” diagram.

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.20 Pareto analysis—potential causes of failure (partial).

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.21 FMECA process results (partial).

23. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.22 Sample fault-tree analysis format and symbology.

24. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky

25. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.23 Reliability growth plan.

26. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.24 Sequential test plan

27. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.25 Sample environmental test cycle. Source: MIL-STD-781, Reliability Design Qualification and Production Acceptance Tests: Exponential Distribution (Washington,DC: Department of Defense).

28. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky

29. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.26 Accept–reject criteria for a sample test plan. Source: MIL-STD-781, Reliability Design Qualification and Production Acceptance Tests: Exponential Distribution (Washington,DC:Department of Defense).

30. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.27 System XYZ reliability test plan.

31. Copyright ©2011, ©2006, ©1998 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fifth Edition Benjamin S. Blanchard Wolter J. Fabrycky Figure 12.28 Three alternative configurations.